Oracle exists/in和not exists/not in之前的区别与联系

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之前写过一篇关于NULL对in和not in结果的影响:Oracle的where条件in/not in中包含NULL时的处理。今天来看看exists和not exists中NULL值对结果的影响。

网上经常看到关于in和exixts、not in和not exists性能比对和互换的例子,但它们真的就可以简单互换么?我们通过下面的实验来看一下。

实验环境:Oracle 11.2.0.4

1、创建表并插入测试数据

createtablet1(idnumber);
createtablet2(idnumber);
insertintot1values(1);
insertintot1values(2);
insertintot1values(3);
insertintot1values(4);
insertintot1values(null);
commit;
insertintot2values(3);
insertintot2values(4);
insertintot2values(5);
insertintot2values(6);
commit;
zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1;

	ID
----------
	1
	2
	3
	4


5rowsselected.

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt2;

	ID
----------
	3
	4
	5
	6

4rowsselected.

第一种情况:exists/in的查询中不包含NULL,外层查询包含NULL

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1whereexists(select1fromt2wheret1.id=t2.id);

	ID
----------
	3
	4

2rowsselected.

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1whereidin(selectidfromt2);

	ID
----------
	3
	4

2rowsselected.

从上面的查询结果看出exists和in都查到了id=2和3的两条数据。

第二种情况:not exists/not in的查询中不包含NULL,外层查询包含NULL

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1wherenotexists(select1fromt2wheret1.id=t2.id);

	ID
----------

	1
	2

3rowsselected.

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1whereidnotin(selectidfromt2);

	ID
----------
	1
	2

2rowsselected.

从上面的结果中可以看到两个查询都查到了id=1和2这两条记录,但not exists还查到了t1表中id为NULL的行。原因是表t1中id为NULL的行exists(3,4,5,6)为False,但前面加了个not则返回结果就为True了。

第三种情况:exists/in的子查询中包含NULL,外层查询包含NULL

zx@ORA11G>insertintot2values(null);

1rowcreated.

zx@ORA11G>commit;

Commitcomplete.

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1whereidin(selectidfromt2);

	ID
----------
	3
	4

2rowsselected.

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1whereexists(select1fromt2wheret1.id=t2.id);

	ID
----------
	3
	4

2rowsselected.

从上面的结果中可以看出exist和in的结果是一致的。

第四种情况:not exists和not in的查询中包含NULL

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1wherenotexists(select1fromt2wheret1.id=t2.id);

	ID
----------

	1
	2

3rowsselected.

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1whereidnotin(selectidfromt2);

norowsselected

从上面的查询结果中可以看出两个结果差异很大,not exists把id=1和2和为NULL的值都查出来了,而not in查出来的结果为空。no in结果为空的原因可以参考之前的文章,not exists的原因与第二种情况类似。

第五种情况:not in/not exists的子查询中无NULL值,外层查询也无NULL值

zx@ORA11G>deletefromt1whereidisnull;

1rowdeleted.

zx@ORA11G>deletefromt2whereidisnull;

1rowdeleted.

zx@ORA11G>commit;

Commitcomplete.

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1whereidnotin(selectidfromt2);

	ID
----------
	1
	2

2rowsselected.

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1wherenotexists(select1fromt2wheret1.id=t2.id);

	ID
----------
	1
	2

2rowsselected.

第六种情况:in/exists的子查询中无NULL值,外层查询也无NULL值

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1whereidin(selectidfromt2);

	ID
----------
	3
	4

2rowsselected.

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1whereexists(select1fromt2wheret1.id=t2.id);

	ID
----------
	3
	4

2rowsselected.

第七种情况:in/exists的子查询中有NULL值,外层查询无NULL值

zx@ORA11G>insertintot2values(null);

1rowcreated.

zx@ORA11G>commit;

Commitcomplete.

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1whereidin(selectidfromt2);

	ID
----------
	3
	4

2rowsselected.

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1whereexists(select1fromt2wheret1.id=t2.id);

	ID
----------
	3
	4

2rowsselected.

第八种情况:not in/not exists的子查询中有NULL值,外层查询无NULL值

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1whereidnotin(selectidfromt2);

norowsselected

zx@ORA11G>select*fromt1wherenotexists(select1fromt2wheret1.id=t2.id);

	ID
----------
	1
	2

2rowsselected.



从上面的八种情况我们可以总结如下:

1、in和exists在有无NULL的情况下可以相互转换。

2、not in和not exists在都没有NULL值的情况下才可以相互转换。


参考:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/rHKBFMQrrBf1TiUo6UmEmQ

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e41084/conditions013.htm#SQLRF52169

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e41084/conditions012.htm#SQLRF52167

原文链接:https://www.f2er.com/oracle/207894.html

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