安装Oracle客户端挺费时间的，而且大部分功能都用不到，Oracle官方给出了简易客户端，直接解压就可以使用，下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linuxx86-64soft-092277.html
下面来看安装步骤：
1、下载安装包，我这里把所有的都下载下来了
instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-basiclite-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-jdbc-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-odbc-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0-2.zip
instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-tools-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
2、unzip解压
解压出来一个目录instantclient_12_2
3、配置环境变量
export ORACLE_HOME=/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$PATH
4、配置tns
[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$mkdir-pnetwork/admin [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cdnetwork/admin/ [tst1@rhel7admin]$cattnsnames.ora ora11g= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.56.22)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVER=DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME=ora11g) ) )
5、测试sqlplus，成功
[tst1@rhel7admin]$sqlpluszx/zx@ora11g sql*Plus:Release12.2.0.1.0ProductiononThuNov1612:48:332017 Copyright(c)1982,2016,Oracle.Allrightsreserved. Connectedto: OracleDatabase11gEnterpriseEditionRelease11.2.0.4.0-64bitProduction WiththePartitioning,OLAP,DataMiningandRealApplicationTestingoptions sql>
6、安装sqlldr，我安装的这个版本的简易客户端中有sqlldr，如果没有的话需要从其他客户端或服务端中拷贝，但是我测试执行sqlldr报错：
[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$sqlldr Message2100notfound;Nomessagefileforproduct=RDBMS,facility=ULMessage2100notfound;Nomessagefileforproduct=RDBMS,facility=UL[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$
因为缺少mesg文件，从服务端把rdbms/mesg下的文件全部拷贝
[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$mkdir-prdbms/mesg [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/rdbms/mesg/*rdbms/mesg/
再次执行sqlldr成功
7、安装oerr，简易客户端中没有oerr命令，需要从服务端拷贝
[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/oerr./ [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$oerr /home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/oerr:line29:/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/perl/bin/perl:Nosuchfileordirectory
执行报错，说明缺少文件，从服务端拷贝
[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp-r/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/perl/*./ [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp-r/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/perl/*./perl/ [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$oerrora1 Can'topenperlscript"/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/bin/oerr.pl":(null) [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$mkdirbin [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$scp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/oerr.pl./bin/ [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$oerrora1 Couldnotopenfacilitieslistfile:/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/lib/facility.lis 2 [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$mkdirlib [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/lib/facility.lis./lib/ [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$oerrora1 00001,00000,"uniqueconstraint(%s.%s)violated" //*Cause:AnUPDATEorINSERTstatementattemptedtoinsertaduplicatekey. //ForTrustedOracleconfiguredinDBMSMACmode,youmaysee //thismessageifaduplicateentryexistsatadifferentlevel. //*Action:Eitherremovetheuniquerestrictionordonotinsertthekey.
注意：oerr也使用到了rdbms/mesg目录下的文件，只不过第6步把整个目录都拷贝过来了，这里就省事了。
8、安装tnsping，简易安装包里也没有这个工具，需要从服务端拷贝
[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/tnsping./ [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$tnsping TNSPingUtilityforLinux:Version12.2.0.1.0-Productionon16-NOV-201713:09:12 Copyright(c)1997,Oracle.Allrightsreserved. TNS-03502:Message3502notfound;Nomessagefileforproduct=network,facility=TNS
执行报错，因为缺少mesg文件
[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp-r/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/network/mesg/./network/ [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$tnsping192.168.56.22:1521/ora11g TNSPingUtilityforLinux:Version12.2.0.1.0-Productionon16-NOV-201713:11:04 Copyright(c)1997,Oracle.Allrightsreserved. Usedparameterfiles: UsedHOSTNAMEadaptertoresolvethealias Attemptingtocontact(DESCRIPTION=(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=ora11g))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.56.22)(PORT=1521))) OK(10msec)
安装成功。
9、安装exp、imp、expdp、impdp，安装包中没有，直接从服务端拷贝
[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/imp./ [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/exp./ [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/impdp./ [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/expdp./
imp和exp测试没有问题，但expdp和impdp报错：
[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$expdp Segmentationfault [tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$impdp Segmentationfault
查询MOS找到解决方法，在环境变量中添加export NLS_LANG=American_America.ZHS16GBK
问题解决。
至此，简单客户端安装完成，可以把整个目录打个包，给其他机器安装时直接解压，配置环境变量就可以使用了。比安装客户端方便的多。
备注：
如果在使用某个工具报缺少库文件时可以使用ldd命令查看该命令缺少哪个库文件，如下所示：
[root@host77instantclient_11_2]#lddsqlldr linux-vdso.so.1=>(0x00007fffe63fe000) libclntsh.so.11.1=>notfound libnnz11.so=>notfound libpthread.so.0=>/lib64/libpthread.so.0(0x00007f014b85c000) libdl.so.2=>/lib64/libdl.so.2(0x00007f014b658000) libm.so.6=>/lib64/libm.so.6(0x00007f014b355000) libnsl.so.1=>/lib64/libnsl.so.1(0x00007f014b13c000) libc.so.6=>/lib64/libc.so.6(0x00007f014ad7b000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2(0x00007f014ba8b000)
从上面的输出可以看出缺少libclntsh.so.11.1和libnnz11.so这两个文件，从服务端拷贝即可。
