oracle树形查询 start with connect by

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https://www.cnblogs.com/always-online/archive/2015/10/30/4923532.html

oracle树形查询 start with connect by

一、简介
  在oracle中start with connect by (prior) 用来对树形结构的数据进行查询。其中start with conditon 给出的是数据搜索范围,connect by后面给出了递归查询的条件,prior 关键字表示父数据,prior 条件表示子数据需要满足父数据的什么条件。如下
start with id= '10001' connect by prior parent_id= id and prior num = 5
表示查询id为10001,并且递归查询parent_id=id,为5的记录。
二、实例
  1、构造数据

-- 表结构
create table menu(
 id varchar2(64) not null,parent_id varchar2(64) not null,name varchar2(100) not null,depth number(2) not null,primary key (id)
)

-- 初始化数据
-- 顶级菜单
insert into menu values ('100000','0','顶级菜单1',1);
insert into menu values ('200000','顶级菜单2',1);
insert into menu values ('300000','顶级菜单3',1); 

-- 父级菜单
-- 顶级菜单1 直接子菜单
insert into menu values ('110000','100000','菜单11',2);
insert into menu values ('120000','菜单12',2);
insert into menu values ('130000','菜单13',2);
insert into menu values ('140000','菜单14',2); 
-- 顶级菜单2 直接子菜单
insert into menu values ('210000','200000','菜单21',2);
insert into menu values ('220000','菜单22',2);
insert into menu values ('230000','菜单23',2); 
-- 顶级菜单3 直接子菜单
insert into menu values ('310000','300000','菜单31',2); 

-- 菜单13 直接子菜单
insert into menu values ('131000','130000','菜单131',3);
insert into menu values ('132000','菜单132',3);
insert into menu values ('133000','菜单133',3);

-- 菜单132 直接子菜单
insert into menu values ('132100','132000','菜单1321',4);
insert into menu values ('132200','菜单1332',4);

  生成菜单层次结构如下:
顶级菜单1
菜单11
菜单12
菜单13
菜单131
菜单132
菜单1321
菜单1322
菜单133
菜单14
顶级菜单2
菜单21
菜单22
菜单23
顶级菜单3
菜单31

  2、SQL查询

--prior放的左右位置决定了检索是自底向上还是自顶向下. 左边是自上而下(找子节点),右边是自下而上(找父节点)
--找父节点
select * from menu start with id='130000' connect by id = prior parent_id;

  

--找子节点节点
-- (子节点)id为130000的菜单,以及130000菜单下的所有直接或间接子菜单(prior 在左边, prior、parent_id(等号右边)在右边)
select * from menu start with id='130000' connect by prior id =  parent_id  ;

  

-- (父节点)id为1321的菜单,以及1321菜单下的所有直接或间接父菜单(prior、parent_id(等号左边) 都在左边)
select * from menu start with id='132100' connect by prior parent_id = id;
-- prior 后面跟的是(parent_id) 则是查找父节点,prior后面跟的是(id)则是查找子节点

  

--根据菜单分类统计每个菜单包含子菜单的个数
select id,max(name) name,count(1) from menu 
group by id
connect by prior parent_id = id
order by id

  

-- 查询所有的叶子节点
select t2.* from menu t2 where id not in(select t.parent_id from menu t) order by id;

  

三、性能问题  

  对于start with connect by语句的执行,oracle会进行递归查询,当数据量大的时候会产生性能相关问题。

--生成执行计划
explain plan for select * from menu start with id='132100' connect by prior parent_id = id;

-- 查询执行计划
select *  from  table( dbms_xplan.display);

  语句执行计划结果如下:

Plan hash value: 3563250490
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                     | Name         | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%cpu)| Time     |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT              |              |     1 |   133 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  CONNECT BY WITH FILTERING    |              |       |       |            |          |
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | MENU         |     1 |   133 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  3 |    INDEX UNIQUE SCAN          | SYS_C0018586 |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   4 |   NESTED LOOPS                |              |       |       |            |          |
|   5 |    CONNECT BY PUMP            |              |       |       |            |          |
|   6 |    TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| MENU         |     1 |   133 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  7 |     INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | SYS_C0018586 |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
 
   1 - access("ID"=PRIOR "PARENT_ID")
   3 - access("ID"='132100')
   7 - access("ID"=PRIOR "PARENT_ID")
 
Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement

  通过该执行计划得知,改语句执行了7步操作,才将结果集查询并返回。当需要查询条件进行过滤的时候,我们可以通过查看执行计划从而对sql进行优化。

原文链接:https://www.f2er.com/oracle/206844.html

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