简介:Redis是一个NOsql数据库,它是一款key-values存储型数据库,也叫“memcached改进版”,它不同与memcached最大特点是它由内存+硬盘来存储数据的,它支持存储的values类型很多,包括string字符串、list链表、set集合、zset有序集合、散列表等。这些数据类型都支持push/pop、add/remove及取交集并集和差集及更丰富的操作,而且这些操作都是原子性的。Redis支持不同方式的排序,与memcached一样,数据都是缓存在内存中的,但会定期把更新的数据写入硬盘,在此基础上实现了master-slave主从同步。Redis还提供了广泛的开发语言客户端,ruby、perl、java、c、c++、PHP、scala、clojure、node.js、objective-C
一、实验环境
1.系统类型
[leo@h4 etc]$ cat issue
CentOS Linux release 6.0 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
2.系统位数
[leo@h4 桌面]$ getconf LONG_
32
Linux ISO:CentOS-6.0-i386-bin-DVD.iso 32位
JDK version:"1.6.0_25-ea"
虚拟机:Product VMware® Workstation Version 7.0.0 build-203739
3.CentOS需要能连入网络,这个比较简单,可以参考《NOSQL系列-memcached安装管理与repcached高可用性》,这篇文章在一开始就介绍了虚拟机如何连接上网
http://f.dataguru.cn/thread-46905-1-1.html
4.Redis版本:redis.i386 0:2.4.10-1.el5
5.EPLE版本:http://dl.Fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
6.Ruby 版本:ruby-1.9.2-p180
二、Redis 安装与配置
1.我们使用yum方式安装redis数据库
[root@h4 ~]# ping 202.99.96.68 测试一下,现在我们可以连接到外网
PING 202.99.96.68 (202.99.96.68) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 202.99.96.68: icmp_seq=1 ttl=245 time=4.14 ms
64 bytes from 202.99.96.68: icmp_seq=2 ttl=245 time=4.44 ms
64 bytes from 202.99.96.68: icmp_seq=3 ttl=245 time=4.12 ms
64 bytes from 202.99.96.68: icmp_seq=4 ttl=245 time=5.60 ms
注:如果是新启动的VMware系统,有可能会连不上网,没关系,我们重启下network服务即可恢复
[root@h4 ~]# service network restart
[root@h4 ~]# yum install redis
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,refresh-packagekit
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
base | 3.7 kB 00:00
extras | 3.5 kB 00:00
updates | 3.5 kB 00:00
updates/primary_db | 4.3 MB 00:26
Setting up Install Process
No package redis available. 没有可用的redis包
Error: Nothing to do
CentOS是RedHat企业版(收费)编译过来的社区版(免费),去掉了所有关于版权问题的东西。如果我们想使用收费版yum源(软件包齐全),我们就需要安装EPEL(Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux )即企业版Linux的扩展包,EPLE提供了很多Redhat和Centos共用的组件,安装完这个以后基本常用的rpm包都可以找到了^_^
32位系统选择:(我是32位)
[root@h4 ~]# rpm -ivh http://dl.Fedoraproject.org/pub/ ... ease-5-4.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://dl.Fedoraproject.org/pub/ ... ease-5-4.noarch.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.UX54fR: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature,key ID 217521f6: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:epel-release ########################################### [100%]
64位系统选择:
rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
近水楼台先得月可参考http://f.dataguru.cn/thread-47927-1-1.html感谢zhaoyg 童鞋,它是64位
下面我们再次安装redis -> yum install redis
[root@h4 ~]# yum install redis
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,refresh-packagekit
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
* epel: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
epel | 3.7 kB 00:00
epel/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:15
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package redis.i386 0:2.4.10-1.el5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=======================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=======================================================================================
Installing:
redis i386 2.4.10-1.el5 epel 299 k
Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Upgrade 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 299 k
Installed size: 646 k
Is this ok [y/N]:y 是否安装redis包 yes
Downloading Packages:
redis-2.4.10-1.el5.i386.rpm warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature,key ID 217521f6: NOKEY | 299 kB 00:01
epel/gpgkey Importing GPG key 0x217521F6 "Fedora EPEL <epel@fedoraproject.org>" from /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL | 3.3 kB 00:00 ... 是否导入密钥
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. 警告已经修改了yum源
Installing:redis-2.4.10-1.el5.i386 1/1
Installed:
redis.i386 0:2.4.10-1.el5
Complete! 到此redis软件安装完毕,下面我们开始配置
配置redis
2.找一找redis安装到哪些目录中了
[root@h4 ~]# find / -name "redis*"
/var/lib/redis
/var/run/redis
/var/log/redis
/usr/bin/redis-cli
/usr/bin/redis-check-dump
/usr/bin/redis-check-aof
/usr/bin/redis-benchmark
/usr/sbin/redis-server redis服务器主程序
/usr/share/gimp/2.0/patterns/redishstuff.pat
/usr/share/doc/redis-2.4.10
/etc/logrotate.d/redis
/etc/redis.conf redis配置文件,启动参数都在这里配置
/etc/rc.d/init.d/redis redis开机启动服务
3.设置redis参数文件/etc/redis.conf
[root@h4 ~]# vim /etc/redis.conf
daemonize yes 启动redis后要不要后台运行
port 6379 redis服务默认端口号,如果启动多个服务端口号要设置不同
bind 127.0.0.1 绑定ip地址
timeout 0 telnet连接服务过期时间,0 代表关闭这项功能
loglevel notice 日志级别
SNAPSHOTTING 快照设置
4.启动redis服务
[root@h4 ~]# redis-server /etc/redis.conf 按照此配置文件的参数设置启动服务
5.验证启动是否成功
[root@h4 ~]# pstree 索引树方式查看
├─redis-server───2*[{redis-server}] 启动一个redis服务,包含2个线程
[root@h4 ~]# ps aux | grep redis 进程列表方式查看
root 187870.00.2312801080 ? Ssl15:42 0:00 redis-server /etc/redis.conf
这还是启动命令
6.使用telnet简单测试
我们知道redis是memcached的改进版,那么命令语法也是大同小异
[root@h4 ~]# telnet localhost 6379
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
set leonarding 8 输入key-value对 key=leonarding value=8
+OK
get leonarding 输出key-value对
$1 $1: 字符串类型,1个字符长度
8 显示value
set liu sheng 输入key-value对 key=liu value=sheng
+OK
get liu 输出key-value对
$5 $5: 字符串类型,5个字符长度
Sheng 显示value
测试链表
lpush 11 22 定义第一个链表lpush表头添加结点(左边添加) key=11value=22
:1
lpush 33 44 定义第二个链表 key=33value=44
:1
rpush 55 66 定义第三个链表rpush表尾添加结点(右边添加)key=55value=66
:1
lrange 11 0 -1 显示第一个链表,0-1 表示从头到尾显示链表
*1
$2
22
lrange 33 0 -1 显示第二个链表,*1 表示链表中有1个结点
*1
$2 $2字符串类型,2个字符长度
44
lrange 55 0 -1 显示第三个链表,说明链表是基于key为单位组成的
*1
$2
66
del 33 删除链表33
:1
del 55 删除链表55
:1
del 11 删除链表11
:1
quit 退出redis
+OK
Connection closed by foreign host.
三、Ruby连接Redis数据库测试
1.下载ruby程序包
[root@h4 ~]# rpm -qa | grep ruby
由于我没有安装过ruby语言程序,所以什么都没有显示
[root@h4 ~]# mkdir ruby 先建立一个ruby目录用来存放ruby安装程序包
[root@h4 ~]# cd ruby 进入目录
首先要安装ruby软件包
Ruby版本:http://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/1.9/ruby-1.9.2-p180.tar.gz
99% [========================================> ] 11,154,81526.9K/s eta(英国中部时
100%[===============================================>] 11,158,93527.5K/s
当进度条走到100%时ruby程序完成下载
[root@h4 ruby]# chmod 777 ruby-1.9.2-p180.tar.gz 授予777权限
[root@h4 ruby]# ll
rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 111589352月182011 ruby-1.9.2-p180.tar.gz
2.解压ruby程序包
[root@h4 ruby]# tar -zxvf ruby-1.9.2-p180.tar.gz
[root@h4 ruby]# cd ruby-1.9.2-p180 进入ruby程序包目录
3.运行config文件
[root@h4 ruby-1.9.2-p180]# ./configure 运行ruby配置文件
checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu 。。。。。。检查系统类型
config.status: creating Makefile 创建Makefile
4.编译ruby并把编译好的结果进行安装
[root@h4 ruby-1.9.2-p180]# make 编译源文件,需要等待10分钟
gcc -O3 -ggdb -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-long-long -I. -I.ext/include/i686-linux -I./include -I. -DRUBY_EXPORT -o dmyversion.o -c dmyversion
[root@h4 ruby-1.9.2-p180]# make install 把编译好的结果进行安装
./miniruby -I./lib -I.ext/common -I./- -r./ext/purelib.rb./tool/generic_erb.rb -c -o encdb.h ./template/encdb.h.tmpl ./enc enc
encdb.h unchanged
make -f enc.mk RUBY="./miniruby -I./lib -I.ext/common -I./- -r./ext/purelib.rb " MINIRUBY="./miniruby -I./lib -I.ext/common -I./- -r./ext/purelib.rb "srcs
make[1]: Entering directory `/root/ruby/ruby-1.9.2-p180'
5.找一找ruby安装到哪些目录下
[root@h4 ruby-1.9.2-p180]# find / -name ruby
/root/ruby
/root/ruby/ruby-1.9.2-p180/ruby
/root/ruby/ruby-1.9.2-p180/test/ruby
/root/ruby/ruby-1.9.2-p180/include/ruby
/root/ruby/ruby-1.9.2-p180/.ext/include/ruby
/root/ruby/ruby-1.9.2-p180/.ext/include/i686-linux/ruby
/home/grid/hbase-0.90.5/lib/ruby
/home/grid/hbase-0.90.5/src/test/ruby
/home/grid/hbase-0.90.5/src/main/ruby
/usr/local/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby
/usr/local/include/ruby-1.9.1/i686-linux/ruby
/usr/local/lib/ruby
/usr/local/bin/ruby
/usr/local/share/doc/ruby
/usr/share/swig/1.3.40/ruby
6.设置/etc/profile环境变量,对全局有效
export PATH=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_25/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:$PATH 添加红色字符串
[root@h4 bin]$ ruby 到此ruby程序已经安装到系统中可以运行ruby脚本
ruby: Interrupt
-:1: Syntax error,unexpected ':',expecting $end
ruby: Interrupt
^
7.安装rubygems组件(通过这个组件安装redis-rb程序库)
[root@h4 ruby-1.9.2-p180]# yum install rubygems
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,refresh-packagekit
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* updates: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
epel | 3.7 kB 00:00
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package rubygems.noarch 0:1.3.7-1.el6 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: ruby(abi) = 1.8 for package: rubygems-1.3.7-1.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: ruby-rdoc for package: rubygems-1.3.7-1.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/bin/ruby for package: rubygems-1.3.7-1.el6.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ruby.i686 0:1.8.7.352-7.el6_2 set to be updated
---> Package ruby-libs.i686 0:1.8.7.352-7.el6_2 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libreadline.so.5 for package: ruby-libs-1.8.7.352-7.el6_2.i686
---> Package ruby-rdoc.i686 0:1.8.7.352-7.el6_2 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: ruby-irb = 1.8.7.352-7.el6_2 for package: ruby-rdoc-1.8.7.352-7.el6_2.i686
--> Running transaction check
---> Package compat-readline5.i686 0:5.2-17.1.el6 set to be updated
---> Package ruby-irb.i686 0:1.8.7.352-7.el6_2 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Total 211 kB/s | 3.2 MB 00:15
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : compat-readline5-5.2-17.1.el6.i686 1/6
Installing : ruby-libs-1.8.7.352-7.el6_2.i686 2/6
Installing : ruby-1.8.7.352-7.el6_2.i686 3/6
Installing : ruby-irb-1.8.7.352-7.el6_2.i686 4/6
Installing : ruby-rdoc-1.8.7.352-7.el6_2.i686 5/6
Installing : rubygems-1.3.7-1.el6.noarch 6/6
Installed:
rubygems.noarch 0:1.3.7-1.el6
Dependency Installed:
compat-readline5.i686 0:5.2-17.1.el6 ruby.i686 0:1.8.7.352-7.el6_2 ruby-irb.i686 0:1.8.7.352-7.el6_2 ruby-libs.i686 0:1.8.7.352-7.el6_2
ruby-rdoc.i686 0:1.8.7.352-7.el6_2
Complete!
如果遇上如下报错请参考下面解决方案
[root@h4 ruby-1.9.2-p180]# gem install redis
ERROR:Loading command: install (LoadError)
no such file to load – zlib 原因是gem运行缺少zlib库支持
ERROR:While executing gem ... (NameError)
uninitialized constant Gem::Commands::InstallCommand
解决方案
[root@h4 ruby-1.9.2-p180]# yum -y install gcc
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,refresh-packagekit
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
由于安装系统的时候没有装c编译器 导致很多源码安装的程序无法编译 所以需要在linux上装c编译器,必须按顺序安装否则安装不会成功
[root@h4 ruby-1.9.2-p180]# yum install zlib-devel 安装zlib-devel库
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,refresh-packagekit
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
[root@h4 ruby-1.9.2-p180]# cd ext/zlib/ 进入这个目录
[root@h4 zlib]# ruby extconf.rb 执行这条命令
checking for deflateReset() in -lz... yes
checking for zlib.h... yes
checking for kind of operating system... Unix
checking for crc32_combine() in zlib.h... yes
checking for adler32_combine() in zlib.h... yes
creating Makefile
[root@h4 zlib]# make && make install 编译并安装
gcc -I. -I/usr/local/include/ruby-1.9.1/i686-linux -I/usr/local/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/backward -I/usr/local/include/ruby-1.9.1 -I. -DHAVE_ZLIB_H-DOS_CODE=OS_UNIX -DHAVE_CRC32_COMBINE -DHAVE_ADLER32_COMBINE-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64-fPIC -O3 -ggdb -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-long-long-o zlib.o -c zlib.c
gcc -shared -o zlib.so zlib.o -L. -L/usr/local/lib -Wl,-R/usr/local/lib -L.-rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic -lz-lpthread -lrt -ldl -lcrypt -lm -lc
/usr/bin/install -c -m 0755 zlib.so /usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/i686-linux
[root@h4 zlib]# gem list
*** LOCAL GEMS ***
minitest (1.6.0)
rake (0.8.7)
rdoc (2.5.8)
到此我们已经解决了“gem运行缺少zlib库”问题,现在我们可以正常gem install redis
8.安装redis-rb程序库,因为只有安装了此程序库ruby才能正常访问redis数据库
[root@h4 zlib]# gem install redis
Successfully installed redis-3.0.1
1 gem installed
Installing ri documentation for redis-3.0.1...
Installing RDoc documentation for redis-3.0.1...
[root@h4 zlib]#
感谢天感谢地,我们终于安装上了redis-rb,经历了多少个日夜,经历了多少个困苦,查阅了多少资料,当我们迎来成功之时,一切都是值得的,台上10分钟 台下十年功
9.编写ruby脚本访问redis数据库
[root@h4 ruby]# vim leonarding_redisrb1.rb 编写ruby脚本,创建链表
require 'rubygems' 引用程序库
require 'redis'
redis=Redis.new 开启两个终端进程访问redis数据库
redis2=Redis.new
hoge = "leonarding"; 设置key(hoge leonarding)
redis.lpush(hoge,3) 创建链表,在表头添加三个结点
redis.lpush(hoge,2) value 是 3 2 1 4
redis.lpush(hoge,1)
redis.rpush(hoge,4) 在表尾添加一个结点
p redis.lrange(hoge,-1) 从头到尾显示链表
[root@h4 ruby]# ruby leonarding_redisrb1.rb 执行ruby脚本
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/redis-3.0.1/lib/redis/client.rb:79:in `call': ERR Operation against a key holding the wrong kind of value (Redis::CommandError)
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/redis-3.0.1/lib/redis.rb:859:in `block in lpush'
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/redis-3.0.1/lib/redis.rb:36:in `block in synchronize'
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:201:in `mon_synchronize'
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/redis-3.0.1/lib/redis.rb:36:in `synchronize'
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/redis-3.0.1/lib/redis.rb:858:in `lpush'
from leonarding_redisrb1.rb:7:in `<main>'
报错这是为什么呢,想起来了,不同的ruby版本语法不同,我们来修改一下
Ruby 版本:ruby-1.9.2-p180
#############################################################################
新版leonarding_redisrb1.rb
[root@h4 ruby]# vim leonarding_redisrb1.rb
require 'rubygems'
require 'redis'
redis=Redis.new
redis2=Redis.new
hoge = "leonarding";
redis.lpush:hoge,3
redis.lpush:hoge,2
redis.lpush:hoge,1
redis.rpush:hoge,4
p redis.lrange:hoge,-1
执行ruby脚本
[root@h4 ruby]# ruby leonarding_redisrb1.rb
["1","2","3","4"]
[root@h4 ruby]# ruby leonarding_redisrb1.rb
["1","1","4","4"]
看value=4始终从表尾添加,符合题意
#################################################################################
我们在编写一个ruby脚本,测试不同终端是否可以访问同一个数据库
[root@h4 ruby]# vim leonarding_redisrb2.rb
require 'rubygems'
require 'redis'
redis=Redis.new
redis2=Redis.new 开启2个终端进程访问redis数据库
hoge = "leonarding";
redis.lpush:hoge,4
redis2.rpush:hoge,5
p redis.lrange:hoge,-1
使用redis2进程从表尾添加结点value=5,看看是不是能够操作同一个链表,那就证明我们连接的是同一个redis数据库,并且操作是具有原子性和一致性的
执行ruby脚本
[root@h4 ruby]# ruby leonarding_redisrb2.rb
["1","5"]
小结:Redis精简版安装与Ruby测试到此总结完毕,通过上面的实验我们应该掌握如下内容
(1)redis简要概念
(2)redis安装与配置
(3)ruby程序和组件包安装与故障诊断
(4) ruby连接Redis数据库
心得:一步一脚印,不懂咱就问,思考与耐心,苦尽奕甘来
redisrubygemrubygemsredis-rb
Leonarding
2013.1.13
天津&winter
分享技术~成就梦想
Blog:www.leonarding.com