同样我们还是以循序渐进的方式来展开。首先来基于Docker来试玩一下MySQL。

//拉取mysql镜像
 docker pull mysql
$ docker images$
REPOSITORY                           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/mysql                      latest              7d83a47ab2d2        13 days ago         408.2 MB
//创建一个mysql实例
$ docker run --name hello.mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql
$ docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE      COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS          NAMES
e21bbd84e0b5        mysql      "docker-entrypoint.sh"   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes        3306/tcp        hello.mysql

下面我们直接在容器中连接到我们刚刚创建的mysql数据库：

$ docker exec -it hello.mysql \
> mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000,2017,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| sys                |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

<h2 id="挂载数据卷">2.2. 挂载数据卷

上面创建的mysql实例其数据都在容器内部存储，这样就暴露了一个问题，如果容器销毁，那么对应的数据库数据就会丢失。那如何持久化存储容器内数据呢？我们可以通过挂载数据卷的方式来解决这一问题。

//创建数据卷
$ docker volume create --name hello.db
hello.db
//查看数据卷信息
$ docker volume inspect hello.db
[
    {
        "Name": "hello.db","Driver": "local","Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/hello.db/_data","Labels": {},"Scope": "local"
    }
]
// 挂载数据卷启动MySql实例
$ docker run --name hello.mysql \
> -v hello.db:/var/lib/mysql \
> -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql

上面是使用使用了docker volume create命令创建了一个数据卷，当然我们也可以自行挂载某个目录作为数据卷。

为了演示方便，我准备了一个ASP.NET Core+EFCore+MySql的示例项目。其结构如下所示：示例项目结构 Product实体，并通过ProductsController暴露WebApi接口。核心代码如下：

Product实体类：

public class Product
{
    public int ProductId { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public decimal Price { get; set; }
    public int StockQty { get; set; }
}

DbContext类：

public class MySqlDbContext : DbContext
{
    public MySqlDbContext (DbContextOptions options)
        : base(options)
    {
    }
public DbSet<Product> Products { get; set; }
}

数据库初始化类：

public class DbInitializer
{
    public static void Initialize(MySqlDbContext context)
    {
        context.Database.EnsureCreated();
    if (context.Products.Any())
    {
        return;
    }

    var products = new Product[]
    {
        new Product{Name="iphone 6",Price=5000,StockQty=10 },new Product{Name="iphone 7",Price=6000,new Product{Name="iphone 7 plus",Price=7000,new Product{Name="iphone x",Price=8000,StockQty=10 }
    };

    context.Products.AddRange(products);

    context.SaveChanges();
}
}

该数据库初始化类会在项目启动时运行。详细代码可参考@H_404_12@。

$ yum install git $ git --version git version 1.8.3.1 $ cd ~/demo $ git clone https://github.com/yanshengjie/Docker.NetCore.MysqL.git Cloning into 'Docker.NetCore.MysqL'... remote: Counting objects: 155,done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (125/125),done. remote: Total 155 (delta 42),reused 123 (delta 25),pack-reused 0 Receiving objects: 100% (155/155),534.30 KiB | 333.00 KiB/s,done. Resolving deltas: 100% (42/42),done.

细心的你会发现，项目中已经定义了Dockerfile，所以我们可以直接使用docker build构建镜像。

# cd Docker.NetCore.MysqL [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MysqL]# ls appsettings.Development.json docker-compose.yml Program.cs Views appsettings.json Dockerfile proxy.conf wwwroot bundleconfig.json Docker.NetCore.MysqL.csproj README.md Controllers LICENSE ScaffoldingReadMe.txt Data Models Startup.cs //构建镜像 # docker build -t docker.netcore.MysqL . Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.045 MB Step 1 : FROM microsoft/dotnet:latest ---> 7d4dc5c258eb Step 2 : WORKDIR /app ---> Using cache ---> 98d48a4e278c Step 3 : COPY . /app ---> 6b1bf8bb5261 Removing intermediate container b86460477977 Step 4 : RUN dotnet restore ---> Running in 4e0a46f762bb Restoring packages for /app/Docker.NetCore.MysqL.csproj... Installing Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Razor 2.0.0. ..... Restore completed in 216.83 ms for /app/Docker.NetCore.MysqL.csproj. ---> 4df70c77916e Removing intermediate container 4e0a46f762bb Step 5 : EXPOSE 5000 ---> Running in 11b421b3bd3e ---> 3506253060fe Removing intermediate container 11b421b3bd3e Step 6 : ENV ASPNETCORE_URLS http://*:5000 ---> Running in 201aabbab72c ---> 7f29963a8d96 Removing intermediate container 201aabbab72c Step 7 : ENTRYPOINT dotnet run ---> Running in c79f73cba162 ---> 9d1fb6ee46cb Removing intermediate container c79f73cba162 Successfully built 9d1fb6ee46cb [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MysqL]# docker images docker.netcore.MysqL REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.netcore.MysqL latest 9d1fb6ee46cb 13 seconds ago 1.756 GB

数据库">4.3. 启动镜像并连接到指定数据库

docker提供了--link参数用于在容器之间建立连接。下面我们实例化创建的镜像docker.netcore.MysqL并命名容器名为hello.netcore.MysqL，并使用--link参数与我们文章开头建立的hello.MysqL容器建立连接。

# docker run --name hello.netcore.MysqL --link hello.MysqL:db -d -p 5000:5000 docker.netcore.MysqL

这里需要特别注意一下--link=hello.MysqL:db，这个参数就是告诉Docker容器需要使用hello.MysqL容器，并将其别名命名为db，这样在hello.netcore.MysqL这个容器中就可以使用db来作为提供MysqL 数据库服务的服务器。这也就是为什么我们.NET Core项目中连接字符串设置为server=db;的原因。"ConnectionStrings": { "MysqL": "server=db;database=MysqLDbContext;uid=root;pwd=123456;" }

//查看运行中容器列表 # docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 5cbfd27ebe2a docker.netcore.MysqL "dotnet run" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp hello.netcore.MysqL 4dfa4159b669 MysqL "docker-entrypoint.sh" About an hour ago Up About an hour 3306/tcp hello.MysqL //访问api/products [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MysqL]# curl http://localhost:5000/api/products [{"productId":1,"name":"iphone 6","price":5000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":2,"name":"iphone 7","price":6000.0000000000000000000000000,{"productId":3,"name":"iphone 7 plus","price":7000.0000000000000000000000000,{"productId":4,"name":"iphone x","price":8000.000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10}]

从上图可知，我们完成了.NET Core与MysqL的连接。

MysqL-Nginx">5. ASP.NET Core + MysqL + Nginx

结合上一篇文章，我们来使用docker-compose完成asp.net core + mysql + nginx的多容器部署。

version: '2' services: db: container_name: hello.db environment: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456 volumes: - ./mysql:/var/lib/mysql web: container_name: hello.web build: . depends_on: db links: db reverse-proxy: container_name: hello.proxy image: nginx depends_on:
web ports: "9090:8080" volumes:
./proxy.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
其中定义了三个服务：

db：使用mysql镜像，并挂载当前项目下的mysql文件夹来持久化存储。

web：基于当前项目构建的容器服务，依赖于db服务。

reverse-proxy：使用nginx定义反向代理服务，其中挂载了当前项目下的proxy.conf文件作为反向代理配置文件。其中proxy.conf的配置如下（注意proxy_pass指定的url为http://web:5000)：

server { listen 8080; location / { proxy_pass http://web:5000; }
}

<h2 id="启动compose">5.2. 启动Compose

在启动Compose之前，建议清空上面创建的容器。也可以使用docker rm $(docker ps -qa)清除所有容器。

//启动compose [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker-compose up -d Creating network "dockernetcoremysql_default" with the default driver Building web Step 1 : FROM microsoft/dotnet:latest ---> 7d4dc5c258eb Step 2 : WORKDIR /app ---> Using cache ---> 98d48a4e278c Step 3 : COPY . /app ---> d41b32323c0f Removing intermediate container 1259f5fb82bc Step 4 : RUN dotnet restore ---> Running in d482e355de77 Restoring packages for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj... Installing Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Razor 2.0.0. ..... Restore completed in 216.83 ms for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj. ---> a0658008f161 Removing intermediate container d482e355de77 Step 5 : EXPOSE 5000 ---> Running in dc6eeb29fd5e ---> a419314ece08 Removing intermediate container dc6eeb29fd5e Step 6 : ENV ASPNETCORE_URLS http://*:5000 ---> Running in c1d1474b14a0 ---> 9cc13c549042 Removing intermediate container c1d1474b14a0 Step 7 : ENTRYPOINT dotnet run ---> Running in efdf0e857a84 ---> 830ac11428cf Removing intermediate container efdf0e857a84 Successfully built 830ac11428cf Creating hello.db ... done Creating hello.web ... done Creating hello.proxy ... done Creating hello.web ... Creating hello.proxy ... [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 6253bf85682e nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 33 seconds ago Up 28 seconds 80/tcp,0.0.0.0:9090->8080/tcp hello.proxy ea553a9e22f2 dockernetcoremysql_web "dotnet run" 37 seconds ago Up 32 seconds 5000/tcp hello.web a1f5aa981bfb mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 38 seconds ago Up 36 seconds 3306/tcp hello.db [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker-compose ps Name Command State Ports ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- hello.db docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld Up 3306/tcp hello.proxy nginx -g daemon off; Up 80/tcp,0.0.0.0:9090->8080/tcp hello.web dotnet run Up 5000/tcp [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# curl http://localhost:9090/api/products [{"productId":1,"stockQty":10}]

上面的运行结果显示，我们已经成功完成了ASP.NET Core+MySql+Nginx的多容器应用部署。通过浏览器访问http::9090/api/products即可访问我们暴露的api。

我们来验证一下数据库是否成功创建：

[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# ls mysql auto.cnf client-key.pem ib_logfile0 performance_schema server-key.pem ca-key.pem MySqlDbContext ib_logfile1 private_key.pem sys ca.pem ib_buffer_pool ibtmp1 public_key.pem client-cert.pem ibdata1 mysql server-cert.pem [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker exec -it hello.db mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +-----------------------+ | Database | +-----------------------+ | information_schema | | MySqlDbContext | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +-----------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use MySqlDbContext; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +---------------------------------+ | Tables_in_MySqlDbContext | +---------------------------------+ | Products | +---------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from Products; +-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+ | ProductId | Name | Price | StockQty | +-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+ | 1 | iphone 6 | 5000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 | | 2 | iphone 7 | 6000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 | | 3 | iphone 7 plus | 7000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 | | 4 | iphone x | 8000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 | +-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

从上面的运行结果可知，我们成功将项目文件夹下的mysql文件夹挂载到容器内部进行数据持久化。

本文通过先介绍如何基于Docker实例化MySQL容器，再介绍如何通过挂载数据卷来持久化MySQL数据，以及如何使用--Link参数进行容器之间的连接，完成了.NET Core连接MySQL数据库。最后，使用Docker-Compose综合ASP.NET Core+MySQL+Nginx完成了容器化部署。

下一节我们来介绍下如何使用Docker-Swarm进行集群部署。

原文链接：https://www.f2er.com/netcore/71227.html

数据库">4.3. 启动镜像并连接到指定数据库

MysqL-Nginx">5. ASP.NET Core + MysqL + Nginx

原文链接：https://www.f2er.com/netcore/71227.html

.NET Core+MySql+Nginx 容器化部署

同样我们还是以循序渐进的方式来展开。首先来基于Docker来试玩一下MySQL。

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