sql Server Management Stu@R_301_410@和sqlCMD使用关键字GO来表示一件事,只有一件事：一批语句的结束.实际上,您甚至可以将用于终止批次的内容更改为“GO”以外的其他内容：

上面的屏幕截图是SSMS中可配置的选项.

但什么是批次？ This BOL reference说得最好：

A batch is a group of one or more Transact-sql statements sent at the same time from an application to sql Server for execution.

就那么简单.它只是一种自定义方式,应用程序(是……应用程序)向sql Server发送语句.让我们看看这个看起来像应用程序的例子.我将使用PowerShell来模仿应用程序将语句和批处理发送到sql Server的功能：

$ConnectionString = "data source = SomesqlInstance; initial catalog = AdventureWorks2012; trusted_connection = true; application name = BatchTesting;"

try {
    $sqlConnection = New-Object System.Data.sqlClient.sqlConnection($ConnectionString)
    $sqlCmd = New-Object System.Data.sqlClient.sqlCommand
    $sqlCmd.Connection = $sqlConnection

    # first batch of statements
    #
    $sqlCmd.CommandText = "
        select * from humanresources.department where departmentid = 1;
        select * from humanresources.department where departmentid = 2;
        select * from humanresources.department where departmentid = 3;
        select * from humanresources.department where departmentid = 4;"

    # execute the first batch
    #
    $sqlConnection.Open()
    $sqlCmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
    $sqlConnection.Close()

    # second batch of statements
    #
    $sqlCmd.CommandText = "
        select * from humanresources.department where departmentid = 5;
        select * from humanresources.department where departmentid = 6;
        select * from humanresources.department where departmentid = 7;
        select * from humanresources.department where departmentid = 8;"

    # execute the second batch
    #
    $sqlConnection.Open()
    $sqlCmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
    $sqlConnection.Close()
}
catch {
    $sqlCmd.Dispose()
    $sqlConnection.Dispose()
    Write-Error $_.Exception
}

注释将其删除,但您可以看到上面我们以编程方式将两个批次发送到sql Server.但是,让我们验证一下.我在这里选择使用扩展事件：

create event session BatchTesting
on server
add event sqlserver.sql_batch_starting
(
    set
        collect_batch_text = 1
    where
    (
        sqlserver.client_app_name = N'BatchTesting'
    )
),add event sqlserver.sql_batch_completed
(
    set
        collect_batch_text = 1
    where
    (
        sqlserver.client_app_name = N'BatchTesting'
    )
),add event sqlserver.sql_statement_starting
(
    set
        collect_statement = 1
    where
    (
        sqlserver.client_app_name = N'BatchTesting'
    )
),add event sqlserver.sql_statement_completed
(
    set
        collect_statement = 1
    where
    (
        sqlserver.client_app_name = N'BatchTesting'
    )
)
add target package0.event_file
(
    set
        filename = N'<MyXelLocation>\BatchTesting.xel'
);
go

alter event session BatchTesting
on server
state = start;
go

所有这些XEvents会话都在捕获从名为“BatchTesting”的应用程序启动和完成的语句和批处理(如果您在我的PowerShell代码示例中注意到我的连接字符串,那么通过使用它可以快速查看特定的事件发起者“应用程序名称”连接字符串参数并从中过滤掉).

在我执行PowerShell代码以发送这些批次和语句后,我看到以下结果：

正如您从屏幕截图中看到的那样,很清楚如何将语句划分为两个不同的批次,这也是我们用来调用批次的方法.如果我们查看第一次出现的sql_batch_starting的batch_text,我们可以看到该批次中包含的所有语句：

select * from humanresources.department where departmentid = 1;
    select * from humanresources.department where departmentid = 2;
    select * from humanresources.department where departmentid = 3;
    select * from humanresources.department where departmentid = 4;

通过对批处理内容的解释,现在可以回答您何时终止批处理的问题.批次规则见于this BOL reference regarding batches：

CREATE DEFAULT,CREATE FUNCTION,CREATE PROCEDURE,CREATE RULE,CREATE
SCHEMA,CREATE TRIGGER,and CREATE VIEW statements cannot be combined
with other statements in a batch. The CREATE statement must start the
batch. All other statements that follow in that batch will be
interpreted as part of the definition of the first CREATE statement.

A table cannot be changed and then the new columns referenced in the
same batch.

If an EXECUTE statement is the first statement in a batch,the EXECUTE
keyword is not required. The EXECUTE keyword is required if the
EXECUTE statement is not the first statement in the batch.

同样,批处理期间发生的某些运行时错误(编译错误将不允许执行批处理)可能会导致不同的行为：完全中止批处理,或继续批处理并仅中止违规语句(上述link给出了两个非常好的例子：例如,算术溢出错误将停止批处理的执行,而约束违规错误只会阻止当前语句完成但批处理将继续执行).

然而,就像我们职业中的许多事情一样,个人偏好将成为您作为个人和T-sql代码编写者终止批次的巨大推动力.有些人只有在必要时才明确定义批次(参见上面的那些要求),而其他人在100％的时间内以编程方式终止批量,即使他们只是在SSMS的查询窗口中执行单个语句.大多数人通常会落在这两个边界的中间位置.对于它的价值,语句终止符具有相同的跟随,并且强制要求也很少.所有这一切的很大一部分是代码风格,它没有强制执行(在SSMS和sqlCMD中).