SQL Server 2005 中使用 Try Catch 处理异常

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TRY...CATCH是sql Server 2005/2008令人印象深刻的新特性.提高了开发人员异常处理能力.没有理由不尝试一下Try.. Catch功能.

* TRY 块 - 包含可能产生异常的代码或脚本
* CATCH 块 - 如果TRY块出现异常,代码处理流将被路由到CATCH块.在这里你可以处理异常,记录日志等.
sql Server中的Try Catch和C#,JAVA等语言的处理方式一脉相承.这种一致性才是最大的创新之处.

一、sql SERVER 2000中异常处理

sql;"> CREATE PROC usp_AccountTransaction

@AccountNum INT,@Amount DECIMAL

AS

BEGIN

BEGIN TRANSACTION --beginning a transaction..

UPDATE MyChecking SET Amount = Amount - @Amount 

  WHERE AccountNum = @AccountNum 

IF @@ERROR != 0 --check @@ERROR variable after each DML statements.. 

BEGIN 

  ROLLBACK TRANSACTION --RollBack Transaction if Error.. 

  RETURN 

END 

ELSE 

BEGIN 

  UPDATE MySavings SET Amount = Amount + @Amount 

    WHERE AccountNum = @AccountNum 

  IF @@ERROR != 0 --check @@ERROR variable after each DML statements.. 

  BEGIN 

    ROLLBACK TRANSACTION --RollBack Transaction if Error.. 

    RETURN 

  END 

  ELSE 

  BEGIN 

    COMMIT TRANSACTION --finally,Commit the transaction if Success.. 

    RETURN 

  END 

END 

END

GO

上面是sql server 2000的一个存储过程,在每个数据库操作之后立即必须检查@@ERROR,进行Commit / RollBack该事务.
sql server 2000中监测错误,只能通过监测全局遍历 @@ERROR.由于@@ERROR会被下一个数据库操作所覆盖. 所以在每次操作完后必须立即监测.

二、sql SERVER 2005中异常处理

TRY...CATCH是sql Server 2005提供的更具有可读性的语法.每个开发人员都熟悉这种写法.sql Server 2005仍然支持@@ERROR这种用法.

1.try catch语法:

sql;"> BEGIN TRY

Try Statement 1

Try Statement 2

...

Try Statement M

END TRY

BEGIN CATCH

Catch Statement 1

Catch Statement 2

...

Catch Statement N

END CATCH

2.获得错误信息的函数表:

下面系统函数在CATCH块有效.可以用来得到更多的错误信息:

函数描述

ERROR_NUMBER()返回导致运行 CATCH 块的错误消息的错误号。
ERROR_SEVERITY()返回导致 CATCH 块运行的错误消息的严重级别
ERROR_STATE()返回导致 CATCH 块运行的错误消息的状态号
ERROR_PROCEDURE()返回出现错误的存储过程名称
ERROR_LINE()返回发生错误的行号
ERROR_MESSAGE()返回导致 CATCH 块运行的错误消息的完整文本

简单示例:

sql;"> BEGIN TRY

SELECT GETDATE()

SELECT 1/0--Evergreen divide by zero example!

END TRY

BEGIN CATCH

SELECT 'There was an error! ' + ERROR_MESSAGE()

RETURN

END CATCH;

3.try catch回滚/提交事务的示例

@AccountNum INT,@Amount DECIMAL

AS

BEGIN

BEGIN TRY --Start the Try Block..

BEGIN TRANSACTION -- Start the transaction.. 

  UPDATE MyChecking SET Amount = Amount - @Amount 

    WHERE AccountNum = @AccountNum 

  UPDATE MySavings SET Amount = Amount + @Amount 

    WHERE AccountNum = @AccountNum 

COMMIT TRAN -- Transaction Success! 

END TRY

BEGIN CATCH

IF @@TRANCOUNT > 0 

  ROLLBACK TRAN --RollBack in case of Error 

-- you can Raise ERROR with RAISEERROR() Statement including the details of the exception 

RAISERROR(ERROR_MESSAGE(),ERROR_SEVERITY(),1) 

END CATCH

END

GO

三、实例讲解

创建错误日志表:

sql;"> CREATE TABLE ErrorLog(errNum INT,ErrSev NVARCHAR(1000),ErrState INT,ErrProc NVARCHAR(1000),ErrLine INT,ErrMsg NVARCHAR(2000))

创建错误日志记录存储过程:

sql;"> CREATE PROCEDURE ErrorLog AS SELECT ERROR_NUMBER() AS ErrNum,ERROR_SEVERITY()AS ErrSev,ERROR_STATE() AS ErrState,ERROR_PROCEDURE() AS ErrProc,ERROR_LINE()AS ErrLine,ERROR_MESSAGE()AS ErrMsg INSERT INTO ErrorLog VALUES(ERROR_NUMBER(),ERROR_STATE(),ERROR_PROCEDURE(),ERROR_LINE(),ERROR_MESSAGE()) GO

写一个存储过程吧!里面使用一下Try Catch:

sql;"> USE [Your_Test] GO /****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[getTodayBirthday] Script Date: 05/17/2010 15:38:46 Author:jinho Desc:获取当天生日的所有人 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[getTodayBirthday] AS BEGIN TRY declare @today datetime; SET @today = GETDATE();--获取今天的日期 DECLARE @day VARCHAR(2); SET @day =REPLACE(DAY(@today),''); DECLARE @month VARCHAR(2) ; SET @month = REPLACE(month(@today),''); DECLARE @year VARCHAR(4); SET @year = YEAR(@today); SELECT * FROM dbo.UserInfo WHERE REPLACE(DAY(CONVERT(DATETIME,Birthday )),'') =@day AND REPLACE(MONTH(CONVERT(DATETIME,Brithday)),'')=@month AND Birthday IS NOT NULL

END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
ErrorLog --调用上面的存储过程,保存错误日志
END CATCH

说明:ERROR_NUMBER(),ERROR_MESSAGE() 这几个函数只能用在Catch里面!

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