俺觉得自 己试着写写sql,调试调试还是有帮助的,读人家sql例子好像读懂了,自己写就未 必思路正确,调试得通,写得简洁。 跟着网上流行的学生选课表的例子复习了一下: //www.jb51.cc/article/30655.htm 这篇文字在网上被转载烂了,里面有些sql适合用在应用系统里,有些“报表”的感 觉更重些,主要是想复习前者。前20条大体还挺好,后30条明显偏报表风格了,而 且后面选例良莠不齐,选了12个例子做练习,(其实很多语法,case,any/all,union之类的都没包括),用MysqL数据库,并共享自己造出来的数据。关于这12条 sql,修正了原文中有纰漏的地方。 sql是基本技能,若能写得好也挺精彩的,还在继续练习。绝不提倡努力写复杂sql 解决业务问题。应用系统里如果存在很复杂的sql,往往揭示了业务逻辑向下泄露 到sql层的问题,不利于维护和扩展,虽然这样确实常能提高运行效率。具体情况 自行取舍。
下面的例子都是比较通用的sql,其实针对特定的数据库,需要学的也挺多,比如 oracle db的decode函数,rowid,rownum,connect by 虽然不通用,但是很实用。 数据可以在这里下载,只是用作练习,没做任何外键关联:http://xiazai.jb51.cc/database/20120626051553698.txt 整理的sql在下面:
Student(S#,Sname,Sage,Ssex) 学生表
Course(C#,Cname,T#) 课程表
SC(S#,C#,score) 成绩表
Teacher(T#,Tname) 教师表 1. 选出每门功课都及格的学号
select distinct s#
from sc where s#
not in (select s#
from sc where score <60)
2. 查询“1”课程比“2”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号;
SELECT c01.s#
from (select s#
,<a href="/tag/score/" target="_blank" class="keywords">score</a>
from sc where c#
=1) c01,
(select s#
,<a href="/tag/score/" target="_blank" class="keywords">score</a>
from sc where c#
=2) c02
where c01.s#
= c02.s#
and c01.score > c02.score
3. 查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩;
select s#
,avg(score) from sc group by s#
having avg(score) > 60
4. 查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩;
select student.s#
,student.Sname
,count(c#
),sum(score) from student left outer join sc on student.s#
= sc.s#
group by student.s#
,sc.s#
5.查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名;
select student.s#
,student.Sname
from student where student.s#
not in (select distinct(sc.s#
) from teacher,course,sc where Tname='叶平' and teacher.t#
= course.t#
and sc.c#
= course.c#
)
6. 查询学过“001”并且也学过编号“002”课程的同学的学号、姓名
select student.s#
,student.sname from student,sc where student.s#
= sc.s#
and sc.c#
= 1 and exists (select from sc sc_2 where sc_2.c#
=2 and sc.s#
=sc_2.s#
)
7. 查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名 (巧妙)
select s#
,sname from student where s#
in
(select s#
from sc,teacher,course where tname='叶平' and teacher.t#
=course.t#
and course.c#
= sc.c#
group by s#
having count(sc.c#
)=
(select count(c#
) from teacher,course where tname='叶 平' and teacher.t#
=course.t#
) ) 8. 查询课程编号“002”的成绩比课程编号“001”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名 (有代表性)
select s#
,sname from (select student.s#
,student.sname,score,(select score from sc sc_2 where student.s#
=sc_2.s#
and sc_2.c#
=2) score2 from student,sc where
sc.s#
=student.s#
and sc.c#
=1) s_2 where score2 < score
9.查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名
select student.S#
,Sname from student,sc where student.s#
= sc.s#
group by s#
,sname having count(c#
) < (select count(c#
) from course) 10. 查询至少有一门课与学号为“002”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名;
select distinct(sc.s#
),sname from student,sc where student.s#
=sc.s#
and c#
in (select c#
from sc where s#
=002)
11. 把“SC”表中“叶平”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩; update sc inner join
(select sc2.c#
,avg(sc2.score) score from sc sc2,course where
sc2.c#
=course.c#
and tname='叶平' and teacher.t#
= course.t#
and course.c#
=sc2.c#
group by course.c#
) sc3 on sc.c#
=sc3.c#
set sc.score=sc3.score
12. 查询2号的同学学习的课程他都学了的同学的学号;(注意理解:where语句的 第一个条件过滤掉不满足c#的记录,再group by,就比较清晰)
select S#
from SC where C#
in (select C#
from SC where S#
=2)
group by S#
having count()=(select count(*) from SC where S#
=2); 作者 人在江湖