在
linux下使用很少cpu的高负载平均值的通常解释是IO太多(或者更合适
uninterruptable sleep).
我有一个运行在2核虚拟机群集上的服务,它表现出适度的cpu使用率(约55-70％空闲)但高于2个负载平均值,同时经历接近零的IO,适度的上下文切换,以及没有交换.使用ps进行轮询我从未在进程状态列中看到D.
该服务是在独角兽下运行的ruby 1.9.它连接到两个上游postgres数据库,这些数据库提供非常快速的avg语句执行(~0.5ms).该服务记录的请求持续时间大约是我们在性能测试网络上的较高压力负载下所证明的生产量的两倍.唯一看起来不稳定的监控信号是负载平均值(当然还有平均响应持续时间),其他所有信息(cpu,内存,io,网络,cswitch,intr)都是名义和匹配的投影.
系统是Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS“清醒”. uname是Linux dirsvc0 2.6.32-32-server#62-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 20 22:07:43 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU / Linux.管理程序是VMWare ESX 5.1.
更新：@ewwhite要求的更多信息.存储是映射到连接到NetApp的vm主机上的NFS安装的虚拟磁盘设备.我要指出的是,所有迹象都表明没有重要的磁盘IO发生.该服务读写网络套接字(~200KB / s)并进行普通访问和错误记录(速率约为20KB / s). vm主机有一对千兆端口,连接到两个机架式交换机顶部,每个交换机都有四个千兆端口连接到核心路由器,所有这些都是铜线.每个vm主机具有24(4×6)个物理内核和150GB内存,通常托管大约30个大小相似的vm来宾,运行各种不同的服务.在生产中,这些主机永远不会在内存上过度提交,只能在cpu上过度提交.
我很乐意解释高负荷的想法.
这是今天正午两小时窗口的一些提取sar数据：
sar -q#load average
runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15 12:05:01 PM 1 173 1.15 2.41 2.48 12:15:01 PM 0 173 0.96 1.56 1.99 12:25:01 PM 2 173 2.60 2.49 2.21 12:35:01 PM 1 173 1.44 2.10 2.06 12:45:01 PM 0 173 3.66 3.31 2.56 12:55:01 PM 0 173 3.05 2.66 2.43 01:05:01 PM 0 174 1.37 2.35 2.36 01:15:01 PM 0 173 3.06 3.07 2.60 01:25:01 PM 2 173 5.03 6.50 4.50 01:35:01 PM 0 173 4.26 5.61 4.98 01:45:01 PM 8 173 4.61 4.46 4.48 01:55:01 PM 0 173 3.30 3.60 3.92 02:05:01 PM 1 173 2.51 2.62 3.15
sar#cpu
cpu %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 12:05:01 PM all 31.31 0.60 2.18 0.02 0.00 65.89 12:15:01 PM all 27.51 0.60 2.07 0.02 0.00 69.79 12:25:01 PM all 28.09 0.61 1.90 0.03 0.00 69.36 12:35:01 PM all 32.04 0.67 2.26 0.02 0.00 65.02 12:45:01 PM all 33.44 0.69 2.61 0.02 0.00 63.24 12:55:01 PM all 30.62 0.63 2.14 0.02 0.00 66.59 01:05:01 PM all 29.42 0.61 2.07 0.03 0.00 67.87 01:15:01 PM all 31.93 0.62 2.39 0.02 0.00 65.05 01:25:01 PM all 41.60 0.82 3.65 0.03 0.00 53.90 01:35:01 PM all 43.14 0.88 3.68 0.03 0.00 52.28 01:45:01 PM all 38.38 0.79 3.43 0.02 0.00 57.39 01:55:01 PM all 30.65 0.61 2.23 0.03 0.00 66.49 02:05:01 PM all 29.17 0.58 2.10 0.03 0.00 68.12
sar -d #disk
DEV tps rd_sec/s wr_sec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util 12:05:01 PM dev8-0 1.37 0.00 35.94 26.14 0.00 3.09 1.98 0.27 12:15:01 PM dev8-0 1.65 0.00 39.89 24.23 0.00 2.96 1.98 0.33 12:25:01 PM dev8-0 1.26 0.00 33.39 26.57 0.00 2.89 1.79 0.22 12:35:01 PM dev8-0 1.33 0.00 35.23 26.52 0.00 3.15 1.82 0.24 12:45:01 PM dev8-0 1.68 0.00 42.31 25.23 0.00 2.95 1.89 0.32 12:55:01 PM dev8-0 1.44 0.00 35.76 24.86 0.00 3.20 1.88 0.27 01:05:01 PM dev8-0 1.43 0.00 35.57 24.93 0.00 2.17 1.46 0.21 01:15:01 PM dev8-0 1.74 0.00 43.13 24.74 0.01 3.88 2.15 0.37 01:25:01 PM dev8-0 1.39 0.00 35.36 25.44 0.01 3.65 2.42 0.34 01:35:01 PM dev8-0 1.32 0.00 33.74 25.65 0.00 3.39 2.09 0.28 01:45:01 PM dev8-0 1.48 0.00 37.20 25.20 0.01 3.92 2.26 0.33 01:55:01 PM dev8-0 1.62 0.00 39.36 24.35 0.01 3.27 1.70 0.27 02:05:01 PM dev8-0 1.42 0.00 34.72 24.51 0.00 3.28 2.13 0.30
sar -n #network
IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 12:05:01 PM eth0 365.52 359.86 236.91 227.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:15:01 PM eth0 344.55 337.10 221.20 206.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:25:01 PM eth0 357.81 352.76 229.83 216.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:35:01 PM eth0 372.62 366.34 239.95 227.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:45:01 PM eth0 388.65 378.51 252.11 235.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:55:01 PM eth0 364.50 359.19 233.63 222.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:05:01 PM eth0 361.08 353.88 231.75 218.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:15:01 PM eth0 370.41 363.19 240.53 224.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:25:01 PM eth0 357.67 352.20 230.37 213.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:35:01 PM eth0 354.89 348.58 226.29 214.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:45:01 PM eth0 355.49 344.98 228.41 211.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:55:01 PM eth0 335.96 331.13 213.85 204.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 02:05:01 PM eth0 323.03 314.49 208.12 194.81 0.00 0.00 0.00
sar -w#context开关
proc/s cswch/s 12:05:01 PM 0.97 2382.38 12:15:01 PM 2.58 2415.16 12:25:01 PM 0.84 2406.79 12:35:01 PM 0.84 2371.04 12:45:01 PM 2.70 2414.09 12:55:01 PM 0.84 2385.57 01:05:01 PM 1.20 2419.94 01:15:01 PM 2.57 2387.75 01:25:01 PM 0.85 2164.65 01:35:01 PM 0.84 2156.29 01:45:01 PM 2.53 2251.43 01:55:01 PM 1.01 2331.93 02:05:01 PM 0.96 2323.19
sar -B#paging
pgpgin/s pgpgout/s fault/s majflt/s pgfree/s pgscank/s pgscand/s pgsteal/s %vmeff 12:05:01 PM 0.00 17.97 549.43 0.00 289.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:15:01 PM 0.00 19.95 1179.08 0.00 405.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:25:01 PM 0.00 16.69 456.71 0.00 217.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:35:01 PM 0.00 17.61 480.42 0.00 240.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:45:01 PM 0.00 21.15 1210.09 0.00 424.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:55:01 PM 0.00 17.88 489.83 0.00 256.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:05:01 PM 0.00 17.79 624.89 0.00 387.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:15:01 PM 0.00 21.57 1168.87 0.00 393.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:25:01 PM 0.00 17.68 466.03 0.00 235.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:35:01 PM 0.00 16.87 435.24 0.00 199.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:45:01 PM 0.00 18.60 1125.69 0.00 432.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 01:55:01 PM 0.00 19.68 596.62 0.00 272.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 02:05:01 PM 0.00 17.36 511.80 0.00 243.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
sar -r#memory
kbmemfree kbmemused %memused kbbuffers kbcached kbcommit %commit 12:05:01 PM 1017364 3041608 74.94 225564 1773324 1194728 16.64 12:15:01 PM 1014992 3043980 74.99 225564 1777268 1193688 16.63 12:25:01 PM 1009504 3049468 75.13 225564 1781360 1194504 16.64 12:35:01 PM 999484 3059488 75.38 225564 1785652 1194520 16.64 12:45:01 PM 994764 3064208 75.49 225564 1790136 1194864 16.65 12:55:01 PM 993772 3065200 75.52 225564 1794288 1194296 16.64 01:05:01 PM 993868 3065104 75.51 225564 1798584 1193428 16.63 01:15:01 PM 985016 3073956 75.73 225564 1802708 1194388 16.64 01:25:01 PM 992316 3066656 75.55 225564 1806804 1192996 16.62 01:35:01 PM 971732 3087240 76.06 225564 1810784 1194272 16.64 01:45:01 PM 968816 3090156 76.13 225564 1815036 1194556 16.64 01:55:01 PM 967968 3091004 76.15 225564 1818716 1194924 16.65 02:05:01 PM 966324 3092648 76.19 225564 1822452 1194516 16.64
ps aufx
USER PID %cpu %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 [kthreadd] root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:01 \_ [migration/0] root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 1:01 \_ [ksoftirqd/0] root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [watchdog/0] root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:01 \_ [migration/1] root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:27 \_ [ksoftirqd/1] root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [watchdog/1] root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:37 \_ [events/0] root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:33 \_ [events/1] root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [cpuset] root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [khelper] root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [async/mgr] root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [pm] root 16 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:02 \_ [sync_supers] root 17 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:04 \_ [bdi-default] root 18 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kintegrityd/0] root 19 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kintegrityd/1] root 20 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:03 \_ [kblockd/0] root 21 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:12 \_ [kblockd/1] root 22 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kacpid] root 23 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kacpi_notify] root 24 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kacpi_hotplug] root 25 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [ata/0] root 26 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [ata/1] root 27 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [ata_aux] root 28 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [ksuspend_usbd] root 29 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [khubd] root 30 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kseriod] root 31 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kmmcd] root 34 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [khungtaskd] root 35 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kswapd0] root 36 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN Jan28 0:00 \_ [ksmd] root 37 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [aio/0] root 38 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [aio/1] root 39 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [ecryptfs-kthrea] root 40 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [crypto/0] root 41 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [crypto/1] root 44 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [pciehpd] root 45 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [scsi_eh_0] root 46 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [scsi_eh_1] root 47 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kstriped] root 50 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kmpathd/0] root 51 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kmpathd/1] root 52 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kmpath_handlerd] root 53 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [ksnapd] root 54 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kondemand/0] root 55 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kondemand/1] root 56 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kconservative/0] root 57 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kconservative/1] root 213 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:24 \_ [mpt_poll_0] root 274 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [mpt/0] root 295 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [scsi_eh_2] root 310 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 1:41 \_ [jbd2/sda1-8] root 311 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [ext4-dio-unwrit] root 312 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [ext4-dio-unwrit] root 342 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:54 \_ [flush-8:0] root 627 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ [kpsmoused] root 18160 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb14 0:00 \_ [rpciod/0] root 18161 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb14 0:00 \_ [rpciod/1] root 18162 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb14 0:00 \_ [nfsiod] root 1 0.0 0.0 61824 2872 ? Ss Jan28 0:11 /sbin/init root 372 0.0 0.0 16904 860 ? S Jan28 0:00 upstart-udev-bridge --daemon root 375 0.0 0.0 17072 1012 ? S<s Jan28 0:00 udevd --daemon root 1054 0.0 0.0 16860 672 ? S< Jan28 0:00 \_ udevd --daemon root 18163 0.0 0.0 17068 832 ? S< Feb14 0:00 \_ udevd --daemon daemon 654 0.0 0.0 8256 644 ? Ss Jan28 0:00 portmap root 788 0.0 0.0 49260 2592 ? Ss Jan28 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D root 8095 0.0 0.1 100888 4068 ? Ss 16:03 0:00 \_ sshd: root@pts/0 root 8157 0.0 0.0 11212 2084 pts/0 Ss 16:03 0:00 \_ -bash root 15777 0.0 0.0 7172 1084 pts/0 R+ 17:28 0:00 \_ ps aufx statd 808 0.0 0.0 10392 844 ? Ss Jan28 0:00 rpc.statd -L root 829 0.0 0.0 140 32 ? Ss Jan28 0:16 runsvdir -P /etc/service log: ..................................................................................................... root 834 0.0 0.0 116 32 ? Ss Jan28 0:00 \_ runsv chef-client root 838 0.0 0.0 136 48 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ svlogd -tt ./main root 30898 0.2 1.8 192296 75736 ? S 01:57 2:25 \_ /usr/bin/ruby1.8 /usr/bin/chef-client -i 1800 -s 60 -L /var/log/chef/client.log root 832 0.0 0.0 6080 656 tty4 Ss+ Jan28 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 root 841 0.0 0.0 6080 656 tty5 Ss+ Jan28 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 root 844 0.0 0.0 6080 656 tty2 Ss+ Jan28 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 root 845 0.0 0.0 6080 660 tty3 Ss+ Jan28 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 root 847 0.0 0.0 6080 656 tty6 Ss+ Jan28 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 root 849 0.0 0.0 21076 1044 ? Ss Jan28 0:04 cron daemon 853 0.0 0.0 18884 468 ? Ss Jan28 0:00 atd root 864 0.0 0.0 11284 640 ? Ss Jan28 2:10 /usr/sbin/irqbalance root 890 0.0 0.0 112412 1908 ? Ssl Jan28 5:09 /usr/sbin/automount root 908 0.0 0.0 28016 976 ? Ss Jan28 0:00 Nginx: master process /usr/sbin/Nginx www-data 910 0.0 0.0 64532 3064 ? S Jan28 0:00 \_ Nginx: worker process root 922 0.0 0.0 169668 2584 ? Ssl Jan28 0:34 /usr/sbin/nscd mail 943 0.0 0.0 11888 648 ? S Jan28 0:00 /usr/sbin/nullmailer-send -d root 971 0.0 1.1 152036 46264 ? Sl Jan28 36:07 splunkd -p 8089 start root 972 0.0 0.0 49180 3512 ? Ss Jan28 0:00 \_ splunkd -p 8089 start root 1160 0.0 0.0 14888 1276 ? Ss Jan28 19:31 /usr/lib/vmware-tools/sbin64/vmware-guestd --background /var/run/vmware-guestd.pid ntp 1214 0.0 0.0 19700 1268 ? Ss Jan28 1:21 /usr/sbin/ntpd -p /var/run/ntpd.pid -g -c /var/lib/ntp/ntp.conf.dhcp -u 103:107 root 1231 0.0 0.3 21164 12980 ? SLs Jan28 0:00 /usr/sbin/memlockd -u memlockd scs 1270 1.2 2.3 187788 96228 ? SNl Jan28 537:27 /usr/bin/ruby /opt/wp/roles/scs/src/dev/scs/bin/server.rb -p 8843 root 1309 0.0 0.0 6080 656 tty1 Ss+ Jan28 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 dirsvc 27448 0.1 1.2 177408 50748 ? Sl Feb20 8:57 narwhal master --port 8862 -c /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1.19/confi dirsvc 13003 2.5 1.2 180012 49128 ? Sl 16:57 0:47 \_ narwhal worker[1] --port 8862 -c /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1.1 dirsvc 13460 2.5 1.2 180108 49236 ? Sl 17:05 0:36 \_ narwhal worker[9] --port 8862 -c /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1.1 dirsvc 13637 2.4 1.2 180008 49096 ? Sl 17:08 0:29 \_ narwhal worker[3] --port 8862 -c /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1.1 dirsvc 13650 2.9 1.2 180172 49420 ? Sl 17:08 0:35 \_ narwhal worker[11] --port 8862 -c /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1. dirsvc 13701 3.1 1.2 180172 49188 ? Sl 17:10 0:35 \_ narwhal worker[13] --port 8862 -c /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1. dirsvc 13731 2.7 1.2 181556 50628 ? Sl 17:10 0:29 \_ narwhal worker[7] --port 8862 -c /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1.1 dirsvc 13770 2.8 1.2 179400 50352 ? Sl 17:11 0:29 \_ narwhal worker[8] --port 8862 -c /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1.1 dirsvc 13778 3.3 1.2 180104 49172 ? Sl 17:11 0:34 \_ narwhal worker[5] --port 8862 -c /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1.1 dirsvc 13826 2.6 1.2 181556 50672 ? Sl 17:12 0:25 \_ narwhal worker[0] --port 8862 -c /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1.1 dirsvc 13939 2.8 1.2 177948 48848 ? Sl 17:13 0:25 \_ narwhal worker[4] --port 8862 -c /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1.1 dirsvc 13971 3.2 1.4 189052 58292 ? Sl 17:13 0:28 \_ narwhal worker[12] --port 8862 -c /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1. dirsvc 13982 2.5 1.2 177792 48780 ? Sl 17:14 0:22 \_ narwhal worker[6] --port 8862 -c /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1.1 dirsvc 15316 3.0 1.2 180072 49128 ? Sl 17:20 0:15 \_ narwhal worker[2] --port 8862 -c /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1.1 dirsvc 15381 2.0 1.2 179944 48928 ? Sl 17:21 0:08 \_ narwhal worker[14] --port 8862 -c /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1. dirsvc 15743 3.5 1.1 177624 48596 ? Sl 17:28 0:00 \_ narwhal worker[10] --port 8862 -c /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1. dirsvc 27461 0.1 1.3 235884 54744 ? Sl Feb20 9:20 /opt/ruby-1.9.2/bin/ruby /opt/wp/roles/directory/src/dev/directory/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/wp-directory-svc-2.1.19/gem-bin/wo root 11068 0.0 0.0 130480 1720 ? Sl 04:20 0:00 rsyslogd -c4 zabbix 18062 0.0 0.0 9908 728 ? SN 11:41 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd zabbix 18063 0.0 0.0 9908 756 ? SN 11:41 0:12 \_ /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd zabbix 18064 0.0 0.0 9980 1044 ? SN 11:41 0:03 \_ /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd zabbix 18065 0.0 0.0 9980 1044 ? SN 11:41 0:03 \_ /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd zabbix 18066 0.0 0.0 9980 1044 ? SN 11:41 0:03 \_ /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd zabbix 18067 0.0 0.0 9908 660 ? SN 11:41 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd
编辑：更多信息请求：
$dpkg --get-selections | grep vmware vmware-open-vm-tools-common install vmware-open-vm-tools-kmod-2.6.32-32-server install $cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) cpu X5660 @ 2.80GHz stepping : 2 cpu MHz : 2800.099 cache size : 12288 KB fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 11 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq ssse3 cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt aes hypervisor lahf_lm ida arat bogomips : 5600.19 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 40 bits physical,48 bits virtual power management: processor : 1 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) cpu X5660 @ 2.80GHz stepping : 2 cpu MHz : 2800.099 cache size : 12288 KB fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 11 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq ssse3 cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt aes hypervisor lahf_lm ida arat bogomips : 5600.19 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 40 bits physical,48 bits virtual power management:
解决方法
负载平均值基于在运行队列中等待的进程.这意味着如果您的进程通常使用小数时间片,则可以看到高负载平均值而没有高cpu利用率.
最好的例子是邮件.发送消息所需的cpu时间量非常有限,但当数千条邮件在系统中移动时(特别是如果邮件守护程序分叉处理每个邮件),运行队列会变得非常长.通常会看到运行良好,响应迅速的邮件服务器,平均负载为25,50到100.
对于Web服务器,我将页面响应时间用作主要指标,不要担心负载平均值.在现代调度程序中,负载平均值小于核心数量的两倍通常不会产生负面影响.您可能希望尝试每个VM的核心数与VM的总数.一些应用程序将受益于少数计算机上的许多核心,而其他应用程序在少数核心和许多实例中更好.
