我的Ubuntu 12.04 LTS上有一个RAID1阵列,几天前我的/ sda硬盘已被更换.我用这个命令来代替：
# go to superuser sudo bash # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean,degraded" # remove broken disk from RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sda1 mdadm /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sda1 # see partitions fdisk -l # shutdown computer shutdown now # physically replace old disk by new # start system again # see partitions fdisk -l # copy partitions from sdb to sda sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sda # recreate id for sda sfdisk --change-id /dev/sda 1 fd # add sda1 to RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sda1 # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean,degraded,recovering" # to see status you can use cat /proc/mdstat
这是同步后我的mdadm输出：
/dev/md0:
Version : 0.90
Creation Time : Wed Feb 17 16:18:25 2010
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 470455360 (448.66 GiB 481.75 GB)
Used Dev Size : 470455360 (448.66 GiB 481.75 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 0
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Thu Nov 1 15:19:31 2012
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
UUID : 92e6ff4e:ed3ab4bf:fee5eb6c:d9b9cb11
Events : 0.11049560
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1
1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1
在构建完成后“fdisk -l”表示我没有有效的分区表/ dev / md0.
这是我的fdisk -l输出：
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB,500107862016 bytes 255 heads,63 sectors/track,60801 cylinders,total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00057d19 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 940910984 470455461 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda2 940910985 976768064 17928540 5 Extended /dev/sda5 940911048 976768064 17928508+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB,total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000667ca Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 940910984 470455461 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 940910985 976768064 17928540 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 940911048 976768064 17928508+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/md0: 481.7 GB,481746288640 bytes 2 heads,4 sectors/track,117613840 cylinders,total 940910720 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table
这是我的grub安装输出：
root@answe:~# grub-install /dev/sda /usr/sbin/grub-setup: warn: Attempting to install GRUB to a disk with multiple partition labels or both partition label and filesystem. This is not supported yet.. /usr/sbin/grub-setup: error: embedding is not possible,but this is required for cross-disk install. root@answe:~# grub-install /dev/sdb Installation finished. No error reported.
一些版本信息：
grub-install (GRUB) 1.99-21ubuntu3.4 3.2.0-32-generic #51-Ubuntu SMP Wed Sep 26 21:33:09 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
所以
1)“update-grub”只找到/ sda和/ sdb Linux,而不是/ md0
2)“dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc”说“GRUB无法安装以下设备/ dev / md0”
我无法加载我的系统,除了从/ sdb1(和手动,而不是自动),并在DEGRADED模式…
有人可以解决这个问题吗？我对此非常头疼.
更新：用零擦除新磁盘后,用sfdisk update-grub复制分区说：
root@answe:~# grub-install /dev/sda error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. Installation finished. No error reported.
root@answe:~# update-grub error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. Generating grub.cfg ... error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-32-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-32-generic ... error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin No volume groups found error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. Found Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS (12.04) on /dev/sda1 Found Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS (12.04) on /dev/sdb1 error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. error: found two disks with the index 2 for RAID md0. done
解决方法
警告指出了根本原因.您用于替换的新磁盘可能曾经有过一个文件系统,grub-setup现在可能仍然存在于元数据中.
因此,只需将磁盘开头的所有内容清除到第一个分区即可.我从fdisk -l输出中取出了62号.它说63是第一个分区的开始,听起来像它之前有62个扇区你可以清理掉.
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=512 count=62
然后重新创建分区表：
sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sda
sfdisk可能会抱怨“内核可能正在使用旧的分区表”,但您可以忽略该警告,因为您并未真正更改分区表.
然后你应该能够grub-install / dev / sda.
更新：
如果仍然出现错误,请尝试将磁盘从RAID中取出并从开头和结尾清零更多数据.或者只将整个磁盘归零(dd if = / dev / zero = = dev / sda).然后像以前一样将其添加回RAID,从sfdisk -d / dev / sdb |开始sfdisk / dev / sda.并考虑按照其他一些地方的建议切换到元数据格式1.0.
