linux – 持续顺序写入时的大量性能下降

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我正在将数据迁移到LUKS分区.既然操作系统驱动器正在运行LUKS,我试图开始迁移数据驱动器.然后服务器停止响应.

这个LUKS设备已经打开:

cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdc data1

这些命令中的任何一个都扼杀了服务器:

pv /dev/zero > /dev/mapper/data1
pv /dev/zero > /dev/sdc

不是立即,但在几秒钟内,服务器变得非常缓慢. I / O阻塞的一切:

root@node51 [~]# ps aux | awk '{if($8~"D"||$8=="STAT"){print $0}}' 
USER       PID %cpu %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root      1197  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        D    06:39   0:00 [jbd2/dm-1-8]
root      1687  0.1  0.0      0     0 ?        D    11:15   0:12 [kworker/u96:5]
root     13057  2.0  0.0      0     0 ?        D    13:10   0:01 [dmcrypt_write]
root     13644 10.9  0.0   7452   784 pts/1    D+   13:10   0:08 pv /dev/zero
root     14159  0.0  0.0  98256  6836 ?        DNs  13:10   0:00 sshd: root [priv]
root     14772  0.0  0.0  29008    92 ?        D    13:11   0:00 /usr/sbin/CRON -f
root     14773  0.0  0.0  98256  6748 ?        DNs  13:11   0:00 sshd: root [priv]
root     15411  0.0  0.0  98256  6876 ?        DNs  13:11   0:00 sshd: root [priv]
root     16009  0.1  0.0  98256  6840 ?        DNs  13:11   0:00 sshd: root [priv]
root     16632  0.5  0.0  98256  6892 ?        DNs  13:11   0:00 sshd: root [priv]
root     16900  0.0  0.0   5448   356 pts/3    D+   13:11   0:00 awk {if($8~"D"||$8=="STAT"){print $0}}
root     28553  0.6  0.0      0     0 ?        D    12:12   0:21 [txg_sync]

值得注意的是,大约两秒钟,pv报告称它以超过2GiB / s的速度复制数据.这是回写缓存和脏页填满(通过监视/ proc / meminfo找到).

之后,pv记录了正常的200MiB / s写入速度,但在回写高速缓存中仍然领先于2GiB和3GiB.

由于所有I / O阻塞正在进行,服务器负载平均值跳升超过10.00.

中断pv写入测试需要一段时间,因为需要清空回写高速缓存,但在测试中止后,服务器性能恢复正常.

有趣的是,这些命令不会导致服务器滞后:

# Reads from dm-crypt block device
pv /dev/mapper/data1 > /dev/zero
# Reads from the raw block device
pv /dev/sdc > /dev/zero

# Writes to a control disk of a different model
pv /dev/zero > /dev/sdi
# Reads from a control disk
pv /dev/sdi > /dev/zero

# Writes to a file on a dm-crypt ext4 filesystem on a solid-state drive
pv /dev/zero > /tmp/empty
# Reads from that same solid-state drive
pv /dev/sda > /dev/zero

我有这些问题:

>为什么持续顺序写入此数据磁盘会使服务器变慢?
>在写入特定的一个或几个磁盘时,如何避免阻塞其他磁盘?
>为什么这种硬盘会导致性能问题,但其他驱动器却没有?

我有六个相同型号的磁盘(/ dev / sdc,/ dev / sdd,/ dev / sde,/ dev / sdf,/ dev / sdg和/ dev / sdh)进行加密,它们将具有顺序写入工作负载未来,所以我不希望服务器摆脱这个问题.

附加信息

要闻速览

服务器:Dell PowerEdge T320

内核:Linux node51 4.4.0-22-generic#39-Ubuntu SMP 5月5日星期五16:53:32 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU / Linux

操作系统:Ubuntu Server 16.04 LTS Xenial Xerus 64-bit

有问题的硬盘:Toshiba PH3500U-1I72

我有六个这样的磁盘,都是健康的,我测试了其中两个,并且两者都经历了服务器范围的I / O性能下降.他们在开始时以200MiB / s的速度读写.

控制(无故障)硬盘:Samsung SP1614C

该磁盘的持续写入速度为50MiB / s.可能是有问题的磁盘太快了吗?

磁盘控制器:Dell PERC H310

两个固态驱动器和六个有问题的硬盘驱动器连接到该控制器,所有这些都直接作为AHCI传递.控制盘连接到主板内置的SATA端口.

I / O调度程序

root@node51 [/tmp]# tail -n +1 /sys/block/sd*/queue/scheduler 
==> /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler <==
noop [deadline] cfq 

==> /sys/block/sdb/queue/scheduler <==
noop [deadline] cfq 

==> /sys/block/sdc/queue/scheduler <==
[noop] deadline cfq 

==> /sys/block/sdd/queue/scheduler <==
[noop] deadline cfq 

==> /sys/block/sde/queue/scheduler <==
[noop] deadline cfq 

==> /sys/block/sdf/queue/scheduler <==
[noop] deadline cfq 

==> /sys/block/sdg/queue/scheduler <==
[noop] deadline cfq 

==> /sys/block/sdh/queue/scheduler <==
[noop] deadline cfq 

==> /sys/block/sdi/queue/scheduler <==
noop [deadline] cfq

将/ dev / sdc的调度程序从noop更改为deadline没有明显的区别.将调度程序更改为cfq似乎可以稍微减少延迟,但其他磁盘上的I / O操作仍然受到影响.

vm.dirty *内核参数

root@node51 [~]# sysctl -a | grep 'vm.dirty'
vm.dirty_background_bytes = 0
vm.dirty_background_ratio = 10
vm.dirty_bytes = 0
vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 3000
vm.dirty_ratio = 20
vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs = 500
vm.dirtytime_expire_seconds = 43200

检测到缓慢并记录到/ var / log / syslog的示例

ZFS事务组同步:

May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.179688] INFO: task txg_sync:3179 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.179905]       Tainted: P           O    4.4.0-22-generic #39-Ubuntu
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180110] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180357] txg_sync        D ffff88060b68baa8     0  3179      2 0x00000000
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180362]  ffff88060b68baa8 ffff880616a96d00 ffff8806133ea940 ffff880603dc2940
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180366]  ffff88060b68c000 ffff880616ad6d00 7fffffffffffffff ffff88056cb8c508
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180368]  0000000000000001 ffff88060b68bac0 ffffffff818211f5 0000000000000000
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180372] Call Trace:
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180381]  [<ffffffff818211f5>] schedule+0x35/0x80
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180385]  [<ffffffff81824315>] schedule_timeout+0x1b5/0x270
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180390]  [<ffffffff810abe52>] ? default_wake_function+0x12/0x20
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180395]  [<ffffffff810c33b2>] ? __wake_up_common+0x52/0x90
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180398]  [<ffffffff81820744>] io_schedule_timeout+0xa4/0x110
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180412]  [<ffffffffc05afbec>] cv_wait_common+0xbc/0x140 [spl]
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180416]  [<ffffffff810c3a70>] ? wake_atomic_t_function+0x60/0x60
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180423]  [<ffffffffc05afcc8>] __cv_wait_io+0x18/0x20 [spl]
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180487]  [<ffffffffc071320e>] zio_wait+0x10e/0x1f0 [zfs]
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180528]  [<ffffffffc069ce66>] dsl_pool_sync+0x2c6/0x430 [zfs]
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180573]  [<ffffffffc06b85b6>] spa_sync+0x366/0xb30 [zfs]
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180576]  [<ffffffff810abe52>] ? default_wake_function+0x12/0x20
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180623]  [<ffffffffc06c9a4a>] txg_sync_thread+0x3ba/0x630 [zfs]
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180669]  [<ffffffffc06c9690>] ? txg_delay+0x180/0x180 [zfs]
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180676]  [<ffffffffc05aae31>] thread_generic_wrapper+0x71/0x80 [spl]
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180682]  [<ffffffffc05aadc0>] ? __thread_exit+0x20/0x20 [spl]
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180686]  [<ffffffff810a0588>] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180688]  [<ffffffff810a04b0>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180692]  [<ffffffff8182568f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
May 11 19:28:44 node51 kernel: [ 4080.180694]  [<ffffffff810a04b0>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0

ext4期刊:

May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.186474] INFO: task jbd2/dm-2-8:1148 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.193164]       Tainted: P           O    4.4.0-22-generic #39-Ubuntu
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.199950] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208323] jbd2/dm-2-8     D ffff88060a6e7c98     0  1148      2 0x00000000
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208330]  ffff88060a6e7c98 0000000000000246 ffff8806133eb700 ffff88060b561b80
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208333]  ffff88060a6e8000 ffff88060aeb68b8 ffff88060a6e7d88 ffff88060a6e7d70
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208336]  ffff88060b561b80 ffff88060a6e7cb0 ffffffff818211f5 ffff8805fd6af900
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208339] Call Trace:
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208355]  [<ffffffff818211f5>] schedule+0x35/0x80
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208361]  [<ffffffff812ea0e0>] jbd2_journal_commit_transaction+0x240/0x1870
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208365]  [<ffffffff810b6be1>] ? dequeue_entity+0x431/0xa80
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208368]  [<ffffffff810b774a>] ? dequeue_task_fair+0x51a/0x8a0
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208372]  [<ffffffff810c3a70>] ? wake_atomic_t_function+0x60/0x60
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208378]  [<ffffffff810ec5fe>] ? try_to_del_timer_sync+0x5e/0x90
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208381]  [<ffffffff812ef32a>] kjournald2+0xca/0x250
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208384]  [<ffffffff810c3a70>] ? wake_atomic_t_function+0x60/0x60
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208387]  [<ffffffff812ef260>] ? commit_timeout+0x10/0x10
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208391]  [<ffffffff810a0588>] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208394]  [<ffffffff810a04b0>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208397]  [<ffffffff8182568f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6000.208399]  [<ffffffff810a04b0>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
May 11 20:46:46 node51 kernel: [ 6292.776357] perf interrupt took too long (2539 > 2500),lowering kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to 50000

解决方法

The control disk is connected to a SATA port built into the
motherboard.

如上所述,遇到日志刷新超时问题的磁盘连接到PERC,这是与“有问题的”东芝连接的控制器相同的控制器.

PERC 310只是一个基本的硬件raid卡.它的cpu可能很容易被淹没,无论是那还是存在固件错误.直接AHCI不是一种非常常见的用法.

我建议IO锁定PERC,而不是操作系统

原文链接:https://www.f2er.com/linux/397273.html

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