我有一个Postfix配置问题让我头疼了好几天,我正在联系你,帮我弄清问题是什么,请在我解释我的设置时请光临.
我有一个服务器上安装了Postfix多实例,每个实例都有自己的ip：
>实例1：example.com(带有用于bounce / fbl ad-hoc处理的邮箱的根域)
>实例2：unsub.eg.example.com(带有用于取消处理的邮箱的子域)
>实例3：out1.eg.example.com(仅限出站)
>实例4：out2.eg.example.com(仅限出站)
就发送电子邮件或在域unsub.eg.example.com上接收电子邮件而言,一切正常.
但是,当发送电子邮件到test@example.com或bounce@example.com时…四个实例中的任何一个都可以处理它,而不仅仅是example.com实例.当通过unsub,out1或out2获取时,NOQUEUE：拒绝：RCPT来自：554 5.7.1：拒绝中继访问;处理实例记录错误.如果实例1碰巧拿起它,它就会被送到邮箱没问题.
所以它让我疯狂为什么其他实例正在接收一封绑定example.com的电子邮件
以下是针对实例的main.cf的高亮配置,我认为这可能导致问题：
smtp.example.com
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix-smtp command_directory=/usr/sbin daemon_directory=/usr/libexec/postfix data_directory=/var/lib/postfix-smtp mail_owner=postfix syslog_name=pfix-smtp myhostname=smtp.example.com mydomain=example.com myorigin=$mydomain inet_interfaces=$myhostname inet_protocols=ipv4 mydestination=localhost mynetworks_style=host relay_domains= relayhost= home_mailBox=Maildir/ disable_vrfy_command=yes virtual_mailBox_domains=$mydomain virtual_mailBox_maps=hash:/etc/postfix/vmailBox smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes broken_sasl_auth_clients=yes smtpd_sasl_type=dovecot smtpd_sasl_path=private/auth smtpd_sasl_security_options=noanonymous smtpd_recipients_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sender_restrictions=reject_unknown_sender_domain smtpd_sasl_local_domain local_recipient_maps=$alias_maps,$virtual_mailBox_maps
unsub.eg.example.com
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix-unsub command_directory=/usr/sbin daemon_directory=/usr/libexec/postfix data_directory=/var/lib/postfix-unsub mail_owner=postfix syslog_name=pfix-unsub myhostname=unsub.eg.example.com mydomain=unsub.eg.example.com myorigin=$mydomain inet_interfaces=$myhostname inet_protocols=ipv4 mydestination=localhost mynetworks_style=host relay_domains= relayhost= home_mailBox=Maildir/ disable_vrfy_command=yes virtual_mailBox_domains=$myhostname virtual_mailBox_maps=hash:/etc/postfix/vmailBox virtual_alias_maps=hash:/etc/postfix-unsub/virtual smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes broken_sasl_auth_clients=yes smtpd_sasl_type=dovecot smtpd_sasl_path=private/auth smtpd_sasl_security_options=noanonymous smtpd_recipients_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sender_restrictions=reject_unknown_sender_domain smtpd_sasl_local_domain= local_recipient_maps=$alias_maps,$virtual_mailBox_maps
out1.eg.example.com
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix-ou1 command_directory=/usr/sbin daemon_directory=/usr/libexec/postfix data_directory=/var/lib/postfix-ou1 mail_owner=postfix syslog_name=pfix-out1 myhostname=out1.eg.example.com mydomain=out1.eg.example.com myorigin=$mydomain inet_interfaces=$myhostname inet_protocols=ipv4 mydestination= mynetworks_style=host relay_domains= relayhost=
out2.eg.example.com
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix-ou2 command_directory=/usr/sbin daemon_directory=/usr/libexec/postfix data_directory=/var/lib/postfix-ou2 mail_owner=postfix syslog_name=pfix-out2 myhostname=out2.eg.example.com mydomain=out2.eg.example.com myorigin=$mydomain inet_interfaces=$myhostname inet_protocols=ipv4 mydestination= mynetworks_style=host relay_domains= relayhost=
注意：我还为所有实例生成了自签名tls证书和dkim签名,但事情看起来很好,我不认为这些可能是罪魁祸首.
谢谢大家！
9/25/2014日志：这些是我今天通过测试使用Outlook客户端发送电子邮件时得到的日志：
Sep 25 06:04:37 bm1 pfix-out2/anvil[11131]: statistics: max connection rate 3/60s for (smtp:XXX.XXX.XXX.42) at Sep 25 06:01:12 Sep 25 06:04:37 bm1 pfix-out2/anvil[11131]: statistics: max connection count 3 for (smtp:XXX.XXX.XXX.42) at Sep 25 06:01:12 Sep 25 06:04:37 bm1 pfix-out2/anvil[11131]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Sep 25 06:01:01 Sep 25 06:05:46 bm1 pfix-out1/anvil[11191]: statistics: max connection rate 3/60s for (smtp:XXX.XXX.XXX.42) at Sep 25 06:02:21 Sep 25 06:05:46 bm1 pfix-out1/anvil[11191]: statistics: max connection count 3 for (smtp:XXX.XXX.XXX.42) at Sep 25 06:02:21 Sep 25 06:05:46 bm1 pfix-out1/anvil[11191]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Sep 25 06:02:10 Sep 25 06:06:11 bm1 pfix-unsub/smtpd[11239]: connect from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250] Sep 25 06:06:11 bm1 pfix-unsub/smtpd[11239]: setting up TLS connection from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250] Sep 25 06:06:11 bm1 pfix-unsub/smtpd[11239]: Anonymous TLS connection established from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250]: TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits) Sep 25 06:06:11 bm1 pfix-unsub/smtpd[11239]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250]: 554 5.7.1 <fbl@example.com>: Relay access denied; from=<m.mokhtar@sender.com> to=<fbl@example.com> proto=ESMTP helo=<sender.com> Sep 25 06:06:11 bm1 pfix-unsub/smtpd[11239]: disconnect from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250] Sep 25 06:07:02 bm1 pfix-smtp/smtpd[11257]: connect from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250] Sep 25 06:07:02 bm1 pfix-smtp/smtpd[11257]: setting up TLS connection from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250] Sep 25 06:07:02 bm1 pfix-smtp/smtpd[11257]: Anonymous TLS connection established from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250]: TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits) Sep 25 06:07:02 bm1 pfix-smtp/smtpd[11257]: D91BB3060289: client=mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250] Sep 25 06:07:02 bm1 pfix-smtp/cleanup[11260]: D91BB3060289: message-id=<004001cfd886$d01b96c0$7052c440$@mokhtar@sender.com> Sep 25 06:07:02 bm1 opendkim[18460]: D91BB3060289: mail.sender.com [XXX.XXX.XXX.250] not internal Sep 25 06:07:02 bm1 opendkim[18460]: D91BB3060289: not authenticated Sep 25 06:07:02 bm1 opendkim[18460]: D91BB3060289: no signature data Sep 25 06:07:02 bm1 pfix-smtp/qmgr[7018]: D91BB3060289: from=<m.mokhtar@sender.com>,size=11502,nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 25 06:07:02 bm1 pfix-smtp/smtpd[11257]: disconnect from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250] Sep 25 06:07:02 bm1 pfix-smtp/virtual[11261]: D91BB3060289: to=<bounce@example.com>,relay=virtual,delay=0.09,delays=0.06/0.01/0/0.02,dsn=2.0.0,status=sent (delivered to maildir) Sep 25 06:07:02 bm1 pfix-smtp/qmgr[7018]: D91BB3060289: removed Sep 25 06:07:46 bm1 pfix-smtp/anvil[11102]: statistics: max connection rate 3/60s for (smtp:XXX.XXX.XXX.42) at Sep 25 06:02:23 Sep 25 06:07:46 bm1 pfix-smtp/anvil[11102]: statistics: max connection count 3 for (smtp:XXX.XXX.XXX.42) at Sep 25 06:02:23 Sep 25 06:07:46 bm1 pfix-smtp/anvil[11102]: statistics: max cache size 2 at Sep 25 06:02:12 Sep 25 06:08:10 bm1 pfix-smtp/smtpd[11257]: connect from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250] Sep 25 06:08:10 bm1 pfix-smtp/smtpd[11257]: setting up TLS connection from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250] Sep 25 06:08:10 bm1 pfix-smtp/smtpd[11257]: Anonymous TLS connection established from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250]: TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits) Sep 25 06:08:10 bm1 pfix-smtp/smtpd[11257]: 8FC143060289: client=mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250] Sep 25 06:08:10 bm1 pfix-smtp/cleanup[11260]: 8FC143060289: message-id=<004601cfd886$f873f540$e95bdfc0$@alrazy@sender.com> Sep 25 06:08:10 bm1 opendkim[18460]: 8FC143060289: mail.sender.com [XXX.XXX.XXX.250] not internal Sep 25 06:08:10 bm1 opendkim[18460]: 8FC143060289: not authenticated Sep 25 06:08:10 bm1 opendkim[18460]: 8FC143060289: no signature data Sep 25 06:08:10 bm1 pfix-smtp/qmgr[7018]: 8FC143060289: from=<g.alrazy@sender.com>,size=11431,nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 25 06:08:10 bm1 pfix-smtp/smtpd[11257]: disconnect from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250] Sep 25 06:08:10 bm1 pfix-smtp/virtual[11261]: 8FC143060289: to=<fbl@example.com>,delay=0.05,delays=0.04/0/0/0,status=sent (delivered to maildir) Sep 25 06:08:10 bm1 pfix-smtp/qmgr[7018]: 8FC143060289: removed Sep 25 06:09:31 bm1 pfix-unsub/anvil[11219]: statistics: max connection rate 3/60s for (smtp:XXX.XXX.XXX.42) at Sep 25 06:03:26 Sep 25 06:09:31 bm1 pfix-unsub/anvil[11219]: statistics: max connection count 3 for (smtp:XXX.XXX.XXX.42) at Sep 25 06:03:26 Sep 25 06:09:31 bm1 pfix-unsub/anvil[11219]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Sep 25 06:03:15 Sep 25 06:10:33 bm1 pfix-out2/smtpd[11289]: warning: dict_nis_init: NIS domain name not set - NIS lookups disabled Sep 25 06:10:33 bm1 pfix-out2/smtpd[11289]: connect from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250] Sep 25 06:10:33 bm1 pfix-out2/smtpd[11289]: setting up TLS connection from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250] Sep 25 06:10:33 bm1 pfix-out2/smtpd[11289]: Anonymous TLS connection established from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250]: TLSv1 with cipher ADH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits) Sep 25 06:10:33 bm1 pfix-out2/smtpd[11289]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250]: 554 5.7.1 <fbl@example.com>: Relay access denied; from=<m.mokhtar@sender.com> to=<fbl@example.com> proto=ESMTP helo=<sender.com> Sep 25 06:10:33 bm1 pfix-out2/smtpd[11289]: disconnect from mail.sender.com[XXX.XXX.XXX.250]
请注意,那
>发送到fbl@example.com的第一个测试由pfix-unsub处理：拒绝中继访问
>第二次测试发送到bounce@example.com通过正确的实例pfix-smtp“正确”处理
>发送到fbl@example.com的第3个测试由正确的实例pfix-smtp“正确”处理
>发送到fbl@example.com的第四个测试由pfix-out2处理：拒绝中继访问
DNS设置
IN MX 10 smtp IN MX 10 unsub.eg IN MX 10 out1.eg IN MX 10 out2.eg ;A Records example.com. IN A YYY.YYY.YYY.3 subdomain1 IN A YYY.YYY.YYY.3 smtp IN A XXX.XXX.XXX.123 unsub.eg IN A XXX.XXX.XXX.124 out1.eg IN A XXX.XXX.XXX.125 out2.eg IN A XXX.XXX.XXX.126 ;SPF TXT RR example.com. IN TXT "v=spf1 mx:smtp.example.com mx:out1.eg.example.com mx:out2.eg.example.com ~all" example.com. IN TXT "spf2.0/pra mx:smtp.example.com mx:out1.eg.example.com mx:out2.eg.example.com ~all" ;DKIM TXT RR default._domainkey IN TXT "v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=**key**"
解决方法
您已将所有后缀实例列为域的MX,并且具有相同的权重.这意味着发送邮件服务器可以选择他们想要的任何一个.
由于您只希望smtp.example.com处理传入邮件,因此您应删除除以外的所有MX行
IN MX 10 smtp
编辑以回应评论：MX记录专门适用于example.com – 它实际上是在说“如果您要向以@ example.com结尾的任何地址发送电子邮件,您可以使用列为MX的任何一个服务器.
对于unsub.eg.example.com,您有一条A记录.当发送邮件服务器查找如何将邮件路由到该地址时,它将首先查找unsub.eg.example.com的MX记录.如果找不到,它将寻找A记录.由于存在unsub.eg.example.com的A记录,因此该消息将直接发送到该服务器.因此,您不需要MX记录. (如果您确实想要使用MX记录,则应该为unsub.eg.example.com设置,而不是为example.com设置！)
至于SFP记录,这些记录专门用于传出流量. MX专门用于传入流量.对于较大的域,通常的做法是为传出流量与传入流量分别设置服务器.在这些情况下,出站服务器应仅列在SFP中,而传入的服务器应仅列为MX.
可以将SPF记录设置为包括所有MX.但同样可以简单地列出允许发送邮件的服务器的IP地址或A记录,无论服务器是否也用作MX.有关语法的更多信息,请参见OpenSPF.org
编辑2：这是一个新的SPF记录的建议：
;SPF TXT RR example.com. IN TXT "v=spf1 a:out2.eg.example.com a:out1.eg.example.com ~all"
