.Net使用Newtonsoft.Json.dll(JSON.NET)对象序列化成json、反序列化json示例教程

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JSON作为一种轻量级的数据交换格式,简单灵活,被很多系统用来数据交互,作为一名.NET开发人员,JSON.NET无疑是最好的序列化框架,支持XML和JSON序列化,高性能,免费开源,支持LINQ查询。目前已被微软集成于webapi框架之中,因此,熟练掌握JSON.NET相当重要,这篇文章是零度参考官网整理的示例,通过这些示例,可以全面了解JSON.NET提供的功能

Newtonsoft.Json的地址:

官网:http://json.codeplex.com/

源码地址:https://github.com/JamesNK/Newtonsoft.Json

Newtonsoft.Json.dll下载:https://github.com/JamesNK/Newtonsoft.Json/releases

1、使用Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)序列化对象,通过Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting将json格式化输出

            Account account = new Account
            {
                Email = "1930906722@qq.com",Active = true,CreatedDate =DateTime.Now,Roles = new List<string> { "User","Admin" }
            };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(account,Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json);
    public class Account
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Email { get; set; }
        public bool Active { get; set; }
        public DateTime CreatedDate { get; set; }
        public IList<string> Roles { get; set; }
    }

执行结果:

2、使用Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)序列化List集合:

            List<string> videogames = new List<string> { "HTML5","JavaScript",".net","c#",".net core" };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(videogames);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

执行结果:

3、使用Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)序列化dictionary字典

            System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string,string> dic = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string,string>
            {
                { "Name","张三" },{ "Age","20" },{ "Email","193090622@qq.com" }
            };
            string json1 = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dic,Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json1);
            Console.WriteLine("");
            Console.WriteLine("未格式化的json:");
            string json2 = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dic,Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.None);
            Console.WriteLine(json2);

执行结果:

4、Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)将序列化结果保存到指定的文件

            User movie = new User { Name = "张三",Age = 1993 };
            using (System.IO.StreamWriter file = System.IO.File.CreateText(@"F:\UserInfo.txt"))
            {
                Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer serializer = new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer();
                serializer.Serialize(file,movie);
            }
    public class User
    {
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public int Age { set; get; }
    }

执行后保存到文件的结果:

5、Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)基于枚举类型的JsonConverters转换器

            List<JosnEnum> list = new List<JosnEnum> { JosnEnum.NotStartus,JosnEnum.Startus };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(list);
            Console.WriteLine(json);
            Console.WriteLine("");

            System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string,int> dic = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string,int>
            { 
            {((JosnEnum)(int)JosnEnum.NotStartus).ToString(),(int)JosnEnum.NotStartus},{((JosnEnum)(int)JosnEnum.Startus).ToString(),(int)JosnEnum.Startus}
            };
            string dicJson = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dic);
            Console.WriteLine(dicJson);

            Console.WriteLine("");
            List<JosnEnum> list2 = new List<JosnEnum>
            {
                JosnEnum.NotStartus,JosnEnum.Startus
            };
            string json3 = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(list2,new Newtonsoft.Json.Converters.StringEnumConverter());
            Console.WriteLine(json3);

            Console.WriteLine("");

            List<JosnEnum> result = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<JosnEnum>>(json3,new Newtonsoft.Json.Converters.StringEnumConverter());
            Console.WriteLine(string.Join(",",result.Select(c => c.ToString())));
    public enum JosnEnum
    {
        NotStartus = 0,Startus = 1
    }

执行结果:

6、Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)通过JRaw将JS函数序列化到JSON中

            JavaScriptSettings settings = new JavaScriptSettings
            {
                OnLoadFunction = new Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JRaw("OnLoad"),OnSucceedFunction = new Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JRaw("function(e) { alert(e); }")
            };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(settings,Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json);
    public class JavaScriptSettings
    {
        public Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JRaw OnLoadFunction { get; set; }
        public Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JRaw OnSucceedFunction { get; set; }
    }

7、使用Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)将json反序列化对象

  string json = @"{
   'Email': '1930906722@qq.com','Active': true,'CreatedDate': '2016-11-26 20:39','Roles': [
     'User','Admin'
]
 }";
            Account account = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Account>(json);
            Console.WriteLine(account.Email);
    public class Account
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Email { get; set; }
        public bool Active { get; set; }
        public DateTime CreatedDate { get; set; }
        public IList<string> Roles { get; set; }
    }

执行结果:

8、使用Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)反序列化List集合:

            string json = @"['Html5','C#','.Net','.Net Core']";
            List<string> videogames = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<string>>(json);
            Console.WriteLine(string.Join(",videogames));

执行结果:

9、使用Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)反序列化dictionary字典

            string json = @"{'Name': '张三','Age': '23'}";
            var htmlAttributes = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Dictionary<string,string>>(json);
            Console.WriteLine(htmlAttributes["Name"]);
            Console.WriteLine(htmlAttributes["Age"]);

执行结果:

10、使用Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)序列化var匿名类型,有时候,我们并不需要先定义一个类,然后new一个对象后再进行序列化,JSON.NET支持匿名类型的序列化和反序列化。

            var test1 = new { Name = "李四",Age = 26 };
            var json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(test1);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

            Console.WriteLine("");
            var test2 = new { Name = "",Age = 0 };
            string json1 = @"{'Name':'张三','Age':'25'}";
            var result = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeAnonymousType(json1,test2);
            Console.WriteLine(result.Name);

执行结果:

11、Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)用新JSON字符串填充指定对象的属性

            Account account = new Account
            {
                Email = "1930906722@qq.com",CreatedDate = DateTime.Now,"Admin" }
            };
            string json = @"{'Active': false,'Roles': ['Expired']}";
            Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.PopulateObject(json,account);
            Console.WriteLine(account.Active);
            Console.WriteLine(account.Email);
    public class Account
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Email { get; set; }
        public bool Active { get; set; }
        public DateTime CreatedDate { get; set; }
        public IList<string> Roles { get; set; }
    }

执行结果:

12、使用Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)反序列化时可指定构造函数

首先我们定义如下的类型,我们希望JSON.NET反序列化对象时使用第2个构造函数,我们将第一个默认构造函数屏蔽标记为私有private修饰符。第2个构造函数需要指定一个website对象作为参数,如果提供的参数为null则抛出异常:

public class Website
{
    public string Url { get; set; }
    private Website()
    {
    }
    public Website(Website website)
    {
        if (website == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("website");
        Url = website.Url;
    }
}

现在使用一般的方式反序列化一个JSON字符串。执行出现的结果:

我们发现该序列化方法抛出了异常,并没有按照我们预想的方式进行反序列化,JSON.NET提供如下的方式指定公有构造函数

            string json = @"{'Url':'http://www.cnblogs.com/linJie1930906722/'}";
            Website website = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Website>(json,new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                ConstructorHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.ConstructorHandling.AllowNonPublicDefaultConstructor
            });
            Console.WriteLine(website.Url);

执行结果:

另外,JSON.NET提供了指定任何构造函数的JsonConstructorAttribute特性,只需要在构造函数标记,即可指定构造函数

    public class Users
    {
        public string UserName { get; private set; }
        public bool Enabled { get; private set; }
        public Users()
        {
        }
        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConstructor]
        public Users(string userName,bool enabled)
        {
            UserName = userName;
            Enabled = enabled;
        }
    }
            string json = @"{""UserName"": ""希特勒"",""Enabled"": true}";
            Users user = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Users>(json);
            Console.WriteLine(user.UserName);

执行结果:

13、当对象的属性为默认值(0或null)时不序列化该属性

    public class Person
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public Person Partner { get; set; }
        public decimal? Salary { get; set; }
    }
            Person person1 = new Person();
            string json1 = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person1,Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented,new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                DefaultValueHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.DefaultValueHandling.Ignore
            });
            Console.WriteLine(json1);

            Console.WriteLine("");
            Person person2 = new Person(){Name = "奥巴马"};
            string json2 = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person2,new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                DefaultValueHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.DefaultValueHandling.Ignore
            });
            Console.WriteLine(json2);

执行结果:

14、Newtonsoft.Json(JSON.NET)中忽略null值得处理器

    public class Person
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public Person Partner { get; set; }
        public decimal? Salary { get; set; }
    }
            Person person = new Person { Name = "张三",Age = 46 };
            string jsonIncludeNullValues = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person,Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(jsonIncludeNullValues);
            Console.WriteLine("");
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person,new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                NullValueHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.NullValueHandling.Ignore
            });
            Console.WriteLine(json);

执行结果:

15、JSON.NET中循环引用的处理方法

            Employee employee1 = new Employee { Name = "张三" };
            Employee employee2 = new Employee { Name = "李四" };
            employee1.Manager = employee2;
            employee2.Manager = employee2;
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(employee1,new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                ReferenceLoopHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore
            });
            Console.WriteLine(json);
    public class Employee
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public Employee Manager { get; set; }
    }

执行结果:

16、通过ContractResolver指定属性名首字母小写,通常,在.NET中属性采用PascalCase规则(首字母大写),在JavaScript中属性名使用CamelCase规则(首字母小写),我们希望序列化后的JSON字符串符合CamelCase规则,JSON.NET提供的ContractResolver可以设置属性名小写序列化

    public class User
    {
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public int Age { set; get; }
    }
            User person = new User { Name = "张三",Age =52 };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person,new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                ContractResolver = new Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver()
            });
            Console.WriteLine(json);

执行结果:

17、JSON.NET中通过特性序列化枚举类型

    public enum ProductStatus
    { 
        NotConfirmed,Active,Deleted
    }

    public class Product
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConverter(typeof(Newtonsoft.Json.Converters.StringEnumConverter))]
        public ProductStatus Status { get; set; }
    }
            Product user = new Product { Name = @"羽绒服",Status = ProductStatus.Deleted };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user,Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

执行结果:

18、指定需要序列化的属性

    [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonObject(Newtonsoft.Json.MemberSerialization.OptIn)]
    public class Categroy
    {
        //Id不需要序列化
        public Guid Id { get; set; }

        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty]
        public int Size { get; set; }
    }
            Categroy categroy = new Categroy
            {
                Id = Guid.NewGuid(),Name = "内衣",Size = 52
            };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(categroy,Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

执行结果:

19、序列化对象时指定属性

    public class Videogame
    {
        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty("name")]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty("release_date")]
        public DateTime ReleaseDate { get; set; }
    }
            Videogame starcraft = new Videogame
            {
                Name = "英雄联盟",ReleaseDate = DateTime.Now
            };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(starcraft,Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

执行结果:

20、序列化时指定属性在JSON中的顺序

    public class Personl
    {
        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty(Order = 2)]
        public string FirstName { get; set; }

        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty(Order = 1)]
        public string LastName { get; set; }
    }
            Personl person = new Personl { FirstName = "张三",LastName = "李四" };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person,Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

执行结果:

21、反序列化指定属性是否必须有值必须不为null,在反序列化一个JSON时,可通过JsonProperty特性的required指定反序列化行为,当反序列化行为与指定的行为不匹配时,JSON.NET将抛出异常,required是枚举,required.Always表示属性必须有值切不能为null,required.AllowNull表示属性必须有值,但允许为null值。

    public class Order
    {
        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty(required = Newtonsoft.Json.required.Always)]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty(required = Newtonsoft.Json.required.AllowNull)]
        public DateTime? ReleaseDate { get; set; }
    }
            string json = @"{
    'Name': '促销订单','ReleaseDate': null
  }";
            Order order = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Order>(json);
            Console.WriteLine(order.Name);
            Console.WriteLine(order.ReleaseDate);

执行结果:

22、通过特性指定null值忽略序列化

    public class Vessel
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty(NullValueHandling = Newtonsoft.Json.NullValueHandling.Ignore)]
        public DateTime? LaunchDate { get; set; }
    }
            Vessel vessel = new Vessel { Name = "张三" };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(vessel,Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

执行结果:

23、忽略不需要序列化的属性,并不是对象所有属性都要参与序列化,我们可以使用JsonIgnore特性排除不需要序列化的属性,下面示例中的PasswordHash将被忽略。

    public class Accounts
    {
        public string FullName { get; set; }
        public string EmailAddress { get; set; }
        [Newtonsoft.Json.JsonIgnore]
        public string PasswordHash { get; set; }
    }
            Accounts account = new Accounts
            {
                FullName = "admin",EmailAddress = "1930906722@qq.com",PasswordHash = "dfsfgerhtyhsasdhjyujtgwe454811sfsg8d"
            };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(account);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

执行结果:

24、序列化或反序列化时指定日期时间格式,JSON.NET中提供一个名为JsonSerializerSettings的设置对象,可通过此对象设置很多序列化和反序列化的行为,如果要设置JSON.NET序列化输出的日期时间格式,只需要指定格式化字符串即可。通过JsonSerializerSettings的DateFormatString属性指定日期时间格式:

    public class Customer
    {
        public string FirstName { get; set; }
        public string LastName { get; set; }
        public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; }
    }
            Customer custom = new Customer { FirstName = "张三",LastName = "李四",CreateDate = DateTime.Now };
            Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings settings = new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                DateFormatString = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss",Formatting = Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented
            };
            string json = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(custom,settings);
            Console.WriteLine(json);

执行结果:

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