我试图通过
JavaScript填写表单上的字段.问题是我只知道如何在当前页面上执行JavaScript,因此我无法重定向到表单并从那里执行代码.我对使用这个术语犹豫不决,但唯一想到的是跨站脚本.我试图执行的代码如下.
<script language="javascript">
window.location = "http://www.pagewithaform.com";
loaded();
//checks to see if page is loaded. if not,checks after timeout.
function loaded()
{
if(window.onLoad)
{
//never executes on new page. the problem
setTitle();
}
else
{
setTimeout("loaded()",1000);
alert("new alert");
}
}
//sets field's value
function setTitle()
{
var title = prompt("Field Info","Default Value");
var form = document.form[0];
form.elements["fieldName"].value = title;
}
</script>
我不确定这是否可行.我也对其他想法持开放态度,比如PHP.谢谢.
编辑：第二页是SharePoint表单.我无法编辑表单上的任何代码.目标是编写一个预填充大部分字段的脚本,因为其中90％是静态的.
解决方法
您正试图维护页面之间的状态.传统上有两种维持状态的方法：
>将状态存储在cookie中
>将状态存储在查询字符串中
无论哪种方式,您的第一页必须保持状态(对于cookie或查询字符串),而另一页必须 – 单独 – 恢复状态.您不能在两个页面上使用相同的脚本.
示例：使用Cookie
使用cookie,第一页必须将下一页所需的所有表单数据写入cookie：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Maintaining State With Cookies</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
Setting cookies and redirecting...
</div>
<script>
// document.cookie is not a real string
document.cookie = 'form/title=My Name is Richard; expires=Tue,29 Aug 2017 12:00:01 UTC'
document.cookie = 'form/text=I am demoing how to use cookies in JavaScript; expires=Tue,29 Aug 2017 12:00:01 UT';
setTimeout(function(){
window.location = "./form-cookies.html";
},1000);
</script>
</body>
</html>
…然后第二页将读取这些cookie并用它们填充表单字段：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Maintaining State With Cookies</title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="myForm" action="submit.mumps.cgi" method="POST">
<input type="text" name="title" />
<textarea name="text"></textarea>
</form>
<script>
var COOKIES = {};
var cookieStr = document.cookie;
cookieStr.split(/; /).forEach(function(keyValuePair) { // not necessarily the best way to parse cookies
var cookieName = keyValuePair.replace(/=.*$/,""); // some decoding is probably necessary
var cookieValue = keyValuePair.replace(/^[^=]*\=/,""); // some decoding is probably necessary
COOKIES[cookieName] = cookieValue;
});
document.getElementById("myForm").getElementsByTagName("input")[0].value = COOKIES["form/title"];
document.getElementById("myForm").getElementsByTagName("textarea")[0].value = COOKIES["form/text"];
</script>
</body>
</html>
示例：使用查询字符串
在使用查询字符串的情况下,第一页只包含重定向URL中的查询字符串,如下所示：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Maintaining State With The Query String</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
Redirecting...
</div>
<script>
setTimeout(function(){
window.location = "./form-querystring.html?form/title=My Name is Richard&form/text=I am demoing how to use the query string in JavaScript";
},1000);
</script>
</body>
</html>
…然后表单将解析查询字符串(通过window.location.search在JavaScript中提供 – 前缀为？)：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Maintaining State With The Query String</title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="myForm" action="submit.mumps.cgi" method="POST">
<input type="text" name="title" />
<textarea name="text"></textarea>
</form>
<script>
var GET = {};
var queryString = window.location.search.replace(/^\?/,'');
queryString.split(/\&/).forEach(function(keyValuePair) {
var paramName = keyValuePair.replace(/=.*$/,""); // some decoding is probably necessary
var paramValue = keyValuePair.replace(/^[^=]*\=/,""); // some decoding is probably necessary
GET[paramName] = paramValue;
});
document.getElementById("myForm").getElementsByTagName("input")[0].value = GET["form/title"];
document.getElementById("myForm").getElementsByTagName("textarea")[0].value = GET["form/text"];
</script>
</body>
</html>
示例：使用片段标识符
还有一个选项：由于状态是严格维护在客户端(不在服务器端),您可以将信息放在片段标识符(URL的“哈希”部分)中.
第一个脚本与上面的Query String示例非常相似：重定向URL只包含片段标识符.为方便起见,我将重新使用查询字符串格式,但请注意#在哪个位置？以前是：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Maintaining State With The Fragment Identifier</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
Redirecting...
</div>
<script>
setTimeout(function(){
window.location = "./form-fragmentidentifier.html#form/title=My Name is Richard&form/text=I am demoing how to use the fragment identifier in JavaScript";
},1000);
</script>
</body>
</html>
…然后表单必须解析片段标识符等：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Maintaining State With The Fragment Identifier</title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="myForm" action="submit.mumps.cgi" method="POST">
<input type="text" name="title" />
<textarea name="text"></textarea>
</form>
<script>
var HASH = {};
var hashString = window.location.hash.replace(/^#/,'');
hashString.split(/\&/).forEach(function(keyValuePair) {
var paramName = keyValuePair.replace(/=.*$/,""); // some decoding is probably necessary
HASH[paramName] = paramValue;
});
document.getElementById("myForm").getElementsByTagName("input")[0].value = HASH["form/title"];
document.getElementById("myForm").getElementsByTagName("textarea")[0].value = HASH["form/text"];
</script>
</body>
</html>
