网络爬虫的典型礼貌因素是什么?
除了始终遵守robot.txt
“Disallow:”和非标准“Crawl-delay:”
但是,如果站点未指定显式爬网延迟,则应将默认值设置为什么?
解决方法
我们使用的算法是:
- // If we are blocked by robots.txt
- // Make sure it is obeyed.
- // Our bots user-agent string contains a link to a html page explaining this.
- // Also an email address to be added to so that we never even consider their domain in the future
- // If we receive more that 5 consecutive responses with HTTP response code of 500+ (or timeouts)
- // Then we assume the domain is either under heavy load and does not need us adding to it.
- // Or the URL we are crawling are completely wrong and causing problems
- // Wither way we suspend crawling from this domain for 4 hours.
- // There is a non-standard parameter in robots.txt that defines a min crawl delay
- // If it exists then obey it.
- //
- // see: http://www.searchtools.com/robots/robots-txt-elements.html
- double PolitenssFromRobotsTxt = getRobotPolitness();
- // Work Size politeness
- // Large popular domains are designed to handle load so we can use a
- // smaller delay on these sites then for smaller domains (thus smaller domains hosted by
- // mom and pops by the family PC under the desk in the office are crawled slowly).
- //
- // But the max delay here is 5 seconds:
- //
- // domainSize => Range 0 -> 10
- //
- double workSizeTime = std::min(exp(2.52166863221 + -0.530185027289 * log(domainSize)),5);
- //
- // You can find out how important we think your site is here:
- // http://www.opensiteexplorer.org
- // Look at the Domain Authority and diveide by 10.
- // Note: This is not exactly the number we use but the two numbers are highly corelated
- // Thus it will usually give you a fair indication.
- // Take into account the response time of the last request.
- // If the server is under heavy load and taking a long time to respond
- // then we slow down the requests. Note time-outs are handled above
- double responseTime = pow(0.203137637588 + 0.724386103344 * lastResponseTime,2);
- // Use the slower of the calculated times
- double result = std::max(workSizeTime,responseTime);
- //Never faster than the crawl-delay directive
- result = std::max(result,PolitenssFromRobotsTxt);
- // Set a minimum delays
- // So never hit a site more than every 10th of a second
- result = std::max(result,0.1);
- // The maximum delay we have is every 2 minutes.
- result = std::min(result,120.0)