dojo.DeferredList

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<本文译自http://dojotoolkit.org/reference-guide/dojo/DeferredList.html#dojo-deferredlist>

dojo.Deferred提供了一种“一问一答”的事件处理机制,dojo.DeferredList则在其之上提供了“一个答案回答多个问题”的机制。<译注:“一个答案回答多个问题”更符合publisher-subscriber模型。dojo.DeferredList处理的是一个事件必须以多个事件的完成为前提的情况,即Windows API WaitForMultipleObjects应用的场合。>

一个常见的任务是,当一串由不同服务提供的资源都可用时,通知某个阻塞的任务开始执行。例如,一个跨多个书店的搜索操作。

<译注:此处省略关于为什么需要DeferredList的若干说明。大意是,以一个跨多个书店的搜索操作为例,用户需要看到的时所有书店的搜索结果的综合结果。一种不好的做法是,依次发出对每个书店的搜索请求,搜集结果,在所有搜索请求完成之后再综合结果。这样整个操作串行化了,耗时为每个操作耗时的总和;如果使用DeferredList,则耗时为单个操作的最长时间。其实使用DeferredList还有另一个好处,就是代码形式上的简洁>

代码示例:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html dir="ltr">
    
    <head>
        <style type="text/css">
            body,html { font-family:helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size:90%; }
        </style>
        <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/dojo/1.6/dojo/dojo.xd.js"
        djConfig="parSEOnLoad: true">
        </script>
        <script type="text/javascript">
            dojo.require("dojo.DeferredList");
            dojo.require("dijit.form.Button");
            dojo.addOnLoad(function() {

                // stub search functions to simulate network delay
                function searchAmazon() {
                    var d = new dojo.Deferred();
                    setTimeout(function() {
                        d.callback("We found books at amazon");
                    },500);
                    return d;
                }

                function searchBol() {
                    var d = new dojo.Deferred();
                    setTimeout(function() {
                        d.callback("We found books at bol");
                    },700);
                    return d;
                }

                function searchGoogle() {
                    var d = new dojo.Deferred();
                    setTimeout(function() {
                        d.callback("We found books at google");
                    },200);
                    return d;
                }

                dojo.connect(dijit.byId("search"),"onClick",function() {
                    var d1 = searchAmazon(),d2 = searchBol(),d3 = searchGoogle();

                    dojo.byId("statusSearch").innerHTML = "Searching....";

                    // create a deferred list to aggregate the state
                    var dl = new dojo.DeferredList([d1,d2,d3]);

                    // a DeferredList has much the same API as a Deferred
                    dl.addCallback(function(res) {
                        // "res" is an array of results
                        dojo.byId("statusSearch").innerHTML = "Result: " + res[0][1] + "," + res[1][1] + "," + res[2][1];
                        console.log(res);
                    });
                });
            });
        </script>
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/dojo/1.6/dijit/themes/claro/claro.css"
        />
    </head>
    
    <body class=" claro ">
        <button dojoType="dijit.form.Button" id="search">
            Search
        </button>
        <div style="margin: 10px;">
            Status:
            <span id="statusSearch">
            </span>
        </div>
        <!-- NOTE: the following script tag is not intended for usage in real
        world!! it is part of the CodeGlass and you should just remove it when
        you use the code -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
            dojo.addOnLoad(function() {
                if (document.pub) {
                    document.pub();
                }
            });
        </script>
    </body>

</html>

<译注:代码searchXXX使用setTimeout对异步操作进行了模拟,真实的代码更象是下面这样:
function searchAmazon(query){
  return dojo.xhr("GET",{
    url: "/books/amazon",content: { q: query }
  });
}
dojo.xhr会返回一个 Deferred对象,也就是说,在其内部实现里,会有一个deferred.callback({/*some result object*/})的调用

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