Dojo参考指南: dojo/has

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dojo/has提供了标准化的特征检测。 它是基于 has.js 项目(约定了方法签名,比如 has方法,有哪些参数,参数顺序等,相当于提供了一个标准,大家都按这个标准去做的话,那么特征检测在所有的库中就可以通用了)

介绍

源文档:http://dojotoolkit.org/reference-guide/1.9/dojo/has.html

在客户端代码里使用浏览器的user-agent检测 或者特征检测都有各自的缺陷。dojo/has API先添加新的特征测试代码,在需要检测某个特征时,在执行特征测试特码, 并缓存结果, 这句有点不好理解,可以使用代码来解释
has.add("dom",function(){return true}); //特征测试
if(has(dom){  // has(dom) 就是需要先检测某个特征。如果有缓存结果,直接调用缓存,如果没有,执行上面的测试代码
 // do someting
}

dojo/has 模块主要是为dojo的模块提供标准的特征测试和特征检测。 虽然 dojo/has API 实现了 has.js 规范中的方法和 规定的特征名,但dojo模块用的是自己的特征检测。


dojo/has 特征检测是懒实例化, 什么意思呢? 就是特征测试代码只会在请求某个特征时才会运行,并且为之后相同的特征检测 缓存结果。

Dojo Core 和 Dijit 模块使用 dojo/has 做特征检测。 但还是有很多 DojoX 项目是继续使用dojo.isXXX 的浏览器代理 user agent侦测技术。 这是一个慢慢演进的过程。

dojo/has 可以作为一个插件,通过三元表达式(?:),实现有条件加载模块。


基本的测试是定义在dojo/has模块,在附加在相应模块上的特征和测试,可以增强相应模块的特征检测。 最常使用的 dojo/sniff 就是扩展 dojo/has,并添加自己额外的测试。

使用staticHasFeatures 在编译配置里, 并结合 Google 的 closure 可以删除无效代码的路径。 查看 builder 文档获得更多的信息.


使用

为了使用这个模块, 它必须被添加到你模块的依赖列表里, 例如:
define(["dojo/has"],function(has){
  if(has("dom")){
    // Do something based on feature
  }
});

特征检测一般会返回一个 "truthy"(Something which evaluates to TRUE,看了下goole的解释,代表的这个值是需要评估的,这里主要是突出评估,对像,函数,数组都是truthy. 但比如特征检测用到的测试函数函数就是一个truthy,但这个测试函数可能会回返一个false的值。这样理解,不知道是对还是错。) 的值。意思是如果功能存在, 返回一个true,如果不顾在,返回false.

这个模块可以被用于loader的插件, 这么做, 插件的参数是一个三元逻辑表达式, 第一个参数就是feature,第二个是当 feature为true时要加载的模块,第三个是为false要加载的模块。

require(["dojo/has!feature?package/module:package/other"],function(featureModule){
  // If feature is true,package/module loaded
  // If feature is false,package/other loaded
});

注册一个特征检测需要提供特征检测的名称和测试函数
has.add("some-test-name",function(global,document,anElement){
  // Feature dection code,returning a truthy value if true
  return true;
});

测试函数应该接受三个参数:

Argument Description
global 引用全局作域
document 引用document对像
anElement 是否需要使用到某个HTML元素

注意, 任何测试函数都应该自行清理, 这样不会导致内存的溢出。

当你在测试函数添加一个 true时,会立即运行测试函数

has.add("some-other-test",function(){
  return false; // Boolean
},true);

虽然你可以如下,传递一个非封装的函数,但这是不被建议的:
// this is not wrapped in a function,and should be:
has.add("some-other-test",("foo" in bar)); // or whatever

没有被函数封装, 它会立即执行,而不是之前的那样,在实际需要进行代码检测的路径里执行。


特征名称

以下的特征测试在Dojo中是有效的。 这个表显示了 哪些模块中有哪些特征测试和测试的名字。
Module Feature Description
dojo/_base/browser config-selectorEngine Pre-configured selector engine to use in dojo/query,defaults to dojo/selector/acme.
dojo/_base/connect events-keypress-typed Keypresses should only occur a printable character is hit
dojo/_base/kernel extend-dojo Defined Dojo modules should push their definitions into the dojo object. In 2.0,it will likely be unusual to augment another object as a result of defining a module. This has feature gives a way to force 2.0 behavior as the code is migrated.
dojo/_base/kernel dojo-guarantee-console Ensure that console.log,console.warn,etc. methods are defined
dojo/_base/kernel dojo-debug-messages Log internal debug messages generated by Dojo,these include deprecated/experimental warnings along with parser auto-required module names.
dojo/_base/kernel dojo-modulePaths Consume module paths defined in config.modulePaths.
dojo/_base/kernel dojo-moduleUrl Expose dojo.moduleUrl method,returns a URL relative to a module. Deprecated in 2.0,should use require.toUrl()
dojo/_base/lang bug-for-in-skips-shadowed Test for bug where the for-in iterator skips object properties that exist in Object’s prototype (IE6 - ?).
dojo/_base/loader dojo-fast-sync-require All dojoRequireCallbacks can be released when all non-dojo/require!,dojo/loadInit! modules are either executed,not requested,or arrived. Potential weakness of this algorithm is that dojo/require will not execute callbacks untilall dependency trees are ready.
dojo/_base/loader config-publishRequireResult Publish resolved module values,resulting from a require call,as JavaScript objects referenced by module identifiers in the global namespace.
dojo/_base/window quirks Browser is running in Quirks-Mode
dojo/dojo host-node 设置Dojo的运行环境在Nodejs平台
dojo/dojo host-rhino Dojo 的运行环境 on the Rhino 平台
dojo/dojo dojo-xhr-factory
dojo/dojo dojo-force-activex-xhr Force XHR provider to use ActiveX API (MSXMLHTTP).
dojo/dojo native-xhr Browser has native XHR API,XMLHttpRequest.
dojo/dojo dojo-gettext-api Dojo provides API for retrieving text resource contents from a URL.
dojo/dojo dojo-loader-eval-hint-url Module location should be used as source hint during eval rather than module identifier.
dojo/dojo ie-event-behavior Browser supports legacy IE event behavIoUr API (attachEvent versus attachEventListener).
dojo/has host-browser Dojo 运行在浏览器平台
dojo/has dom 当前平台支持 DOM
dojo/has dojo-dom-ready-api 当前平台上支持 DOMReady API,当DOM加载完时,会通知一个监听器,代码在dojo.js
dojo/has dojo-sniff 允许扫描dojo.js 角本中的 data-dojo-config 和 djConfig 标签
dojo/has dom-addeventlistener Standard DOM event API (addEventListener) supported on the current platform.
dojo/has touch Touch events are supported on the current platform
dojo/has device-width Amount of horizontal space in pixels available on the window
dojo/has dom-attributes-explicit DOM node attributes array only lists explicitly user specified attributes,(W3C standard)
dojo/has dom-attributes-specified-flag DOM node attribute values provide specified flag to skip attributes user didn’t specify,(IE8)
dojo/hccss highcontrast Browser is in ‘high-contrast’ mode
dojo/i18n dojo-preload-i18n-Api Define the preload localizations machinery,allow loading of special rollup modules which contain one or more flattened,localized bundles.
dojo/i18n dojo-v1x-i18n-Api Define legacy (v1.x) i18n functions
dojo/json json-parse Platform supports parsing JSON text to JavaScript objects through native API
dojo/json json-stringify Platform supports ‘stringify’ method on native JSON API,allowing serialisation of JavaScript objects to JSON text.
dojo/mouse dom-quirks Browser is running in Quirks-Mode
dojo/mouse events-mouseenter Browser supports the onmouseenter DOM event
dojo/mouse events-mousewheel Browser supports the onmousewheel DOM event
dojo/on jscript JavaScript environment provided by the JScript platform,dialect of ECMAScript standard that is used in Microsoft’s Internet Explorer.
dojo/on event-orientationchange Browser supports the orientationchange DOM event,used to detect orientation changes in the target device.
dojo/on event-stopimmediatepropagation Browser supports the stopImmediatePropagation method on DOM events,used to prevent other event listeners being called.
dojo/query array-extensible Native array implementation supports manual extension (not supported in older versions of IE).
dojo/ready dojo-config-addOnLoad Consume addOnLoad configuration property.
dojo/request/handlers activex Browser platform has ActiveX API methods,provided by Internet Explorer
dojo/request/script script-readystatechange DOM supports onreadystatechange event,fired when document.readyState changes
dojo/request/xhr native-xhr Browser has native XHR API,XMLHttpRequest
dojo/request/xhr dojo-force-activex-xhr Force XHR provider to use ActiveX API (MSXMLHTTP).
dojo/request/xhr native-xhr2 Browser’s native XHR implementation supports XHR Level 2 API
dojo/request/xhr native-formdata Browser has a native FormData implementation,letting user compile set of key/value pairs to send using XMLHttpRequest
dojo/selector/_loader dom-qsa2.1 Browser supports the DOM QuerySelectorAll method available,with Level 2.1 CSS selectors
dojo/selector/_loader dom-qsa3 Browser supports DOM QuerySelectorAll method,with Level 3 CSS selectors
dojo/selector/lite dom-matches-selector Browser supports the matchesSelector method for testing selector queries directly against DOM nodes.dojo/selector/lite,dom-qsa,Browsers supports the DOM QuerySelectorAll method.”
dojo/sniff air Environment is running on the Adobe Air platform
dojo/sniff khtml Environment is running on the Konqueror-based platform
dojo/sniff webkit Environment is running on the WebKit rendering engine platform
dojo/sniff chrome Environment is running on the Chrome browser platform
dojo/sniff safari Environment is running on the Safari browser platform
dojo/sniff mac Environment is running on the Mac OS X platform
dojo/sniff quirks Browser is running in Quirks-Mode
dojo/sniff ios Environment is running on the iOS mobile operating system
dojo/sniff android Environment is running on the Android mobile operating system
dojo/sniff opera Environment is running on the Opera browser platform
dojo/sniff mozilla Environment is running on the Mozilla browser platform
dojo/sniff ff Environment is running on the Firefox browser platform
dojo/sniff ie Environment is running on the Microsoft Internet Explorer browser platform
dojo/sniff wii Environment is running on the Nintendo Wii browser platform
dijt/BackgroundIframe config-bgIframe Flag to create background iframe behind popups like Menus and Dialog. A background iframe prevents problems with popups appearing behind applets/pdf viewers,and also prevents the bleed through select problem on IE6 and IE7.
dijit/_WidgetBase dijit-legacy-requires Make dijit load modules the application didn’t explicitly require,e.g. dijit/_base/manager,backwards compatibility in non-async mode.
dijit/form/_ExpandingTextAreaMixin textarea-needs-help-shrinking Browser platform’s <textarea> element needs manual help to shrink as content changes.
dojox/form/uploader/Base FormData Browser has a native FormData implementation,letting user compile set of key/value pairs to send using XMLHttpRequest
dojox/form/uploader/Base xhr-sendAsBinary Browser’s native XHR implementation supports the sendAsBinary method,for sending binary data over XHR.
dojox/form/uploader/Base file-multiple Browser supports file input DOM element with multiple file selection attribute,allowing user to select more than one file.
dojox/mobile/Audio mobile-embed-audio-video-support Platform supports creating embed tags with audio and video elements.
dojox/mobile/common mblAndroidWorkaround Test for Android 2.X transition animation flicker issue
dojox/mobile/common mblAndroid3Workaround Test for Android 3.X transition animation flicker issue
dojox/mobile/scrollable translate3d Browser supports the WebKit-specific CSS transform property,translate3d.
dojox/mobile/sniff bb Environment is running on the RIM Blackberry mobile browser platform
dojox/mobile/sniff android Environment is running on the Android mobile browser platform
dojox/mobile/sniff iphone Environment is running on the iPhone mobile browser platform
dojox/mobile/sniff touch Touch events are supported on the current platform
dojox/mvc/_InlineTemplateMixin dom-qsa Browser supports the DOM QuerySelectorAll method
dojox/mvc/parserExtension dom-qsa Browser supports the DOM QuerySelectorAll method
dojox/mvc/parserExtension dojo-parser Browser has loaded the dojo/parser module
dojox/mvc/parserExtension dojo-mobile-parser Browser has loaded the dojox/mobile/parser module
dojox/mvc/sync mvc-bindings-log-api Enable debugging messages for MVC module.

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