题目链接：http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=5919
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Sequence II

Time Limit: 9000/4500 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 131072/131072 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 1654 Accepted Submission(s): 420

Problem Description
Mr. Frog has an integer sequence of length n,which can be denoted as $a_1,a_2,⋯,a_n$ There are m queries.

In the $i-th$ query,you are given two integers $l_i$ and $r_i$. Consider the subsequence a@H_403_208@li,ali+1,al@H_625_301@i+2,⋯,ari $a_{l_{i}},a_{l_{i+1}},a_{l_{i+2}},a_{r_{i}}$.

We can denote the positions(the positions according to the original sequence) where an integer appears first in this subsequence as p(i)1,p(@H_652_404@i)2,⋯,p(i)ki $p(i)1,p(i)2,p(i)ki$ (in ascending order,i.e.,$p(i)1<p(i)2<⋯<p(i)ki)$.

Note that ki is the number of different integers in this subsequence. You should output p(i)⌈ki2⌉for the i-th query.

Input
In the first line of input,there is an integer T $(T≤2)$ denoting the number of test cases.

Each test case starts with two integers n $(n≤2×10^5)$ and m $(m≤2×10^5)$. There are n integers in the next line,which indicate the integers in the sequence(i.e.,$a_1,a_n,0≤a_i≤2×10^5$).

There are two integers @H_502_787@li $l_i$ and $r_i$ in the following $m$ lines.

However,Mr. Frog thought that this problem was too young too simple so he became angry. He modified each query to$l‘_i,r‘_i(1≤l‘i≤n,1≤r‘i≤n).$As a result,the problem became more exciting.

We can denote the answers as $ans_1,ans_2,ans_m$. Note that for each test case $ans_0=0$.

You can get the correct input li,ri from what you read (we denote them as $l‘_i,r‘_i$)by the following formula:
li=min(l‘i+ansi−1)modn+1,(r‘i+ansi−@H_955_1301@1)modn+1 $li=min{(l‘_i+ans_{i−1}) \mod n+1,(r‘_i+ans_{i−1}) \mod n+1}$

ri=max(l‘i+ans@H_792_1403@i−1)modn+1,(r‘i+ansi−1)modn+@H_363_1502@1 $ri=max{(l‘_i+ans_{i−1})\mod n+1,(r‘_i+ans_{i−1}) \mod n+1}$

Output
You should output one single line for each test case.

For each test case,output one line “Case #x: $p_1,p_2,p_m$”,where $x$ is the case number (starting from 1) and $p_1,p_m$ is the answer.

Sample Input
2
5 2
3 3 1 5 4
2 2
4 4
5 2
2 5 2 1 2
2 3
2 4

Sample Output
Case #1: 3 3
Case #2: 3 1

Hint

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题目大意:
给定一个长度为n的序列，然后有m个查询，问你在$[l,r]$区间中所有不相同元素第一次出现的位置，按这个位置升序以后的中间（向上取整）的那个位置是多少(这个位置指的是原序列)？

解题思路:
因为这个题对$l,r$的限制,这题强制在线,就不能离线树状数组做了,只能主席树做了,

然后他说在询问区间,不相同元素第一次出现的位置的中间那个,
如果是从正序挂到主席树上的话 确实不好维护,
考虑倒叙插入到主席树上,那么每次都只会记录最左边的数,更新的时候如过当前数出现过就删去之前的那个,
就不需要排序过程了,只需要在区间内找第中间的那个就行了
查询的时候我们只要对rt[l]进行查找就行了
于是就变成了找区间内不同数的个数,
然后找区间内第k大的问题,

这样的话就是主席树的基本操作了,

总体复杂度$O(n\log n)$

附本题代码
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#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

/**********************************/

const int N = 2e5+7;

int n,m,ans;
int a[N],vis[N];

void so(int &l,int &r){
    int tem=(l+ans)%n+1;
    int tmp=(r+ans)%n+1;
    l=(tem<tmp)?tem:tmp;
    r=(tem>tmp)?tem:tmp;
}

int rt[N],ls[N*40],rs[N*40],sum[N*40],tot;
void build(int& rt,int l,int r){
    rt=++tot;
    sum[rt]=0;
    if(l>=r)return;
    int m=((r-l)>>1)+l;
    build(ls[rt],l,m);
    build(rs[rt],m+1,r);
}

void update(int& rt,int r,int last,int pos,int v){
    rt=++tot;
    ls[rt]=ls[last];
    rs[rt]=rs[last];
    sum[rt]=sum[last]+v;
    if(l>=r)return;
    int m=((r-l)>>1)+l;
    if(pos<=m) update(ls[rt],ls[last],pos,v);
    else       update(rs[rt],r,rs[last],v);
}

int query_num(int rt,int L,int R){
    if(L<=l&&r<=R) return sum[rt];
    int m=((r-l)>>1)+l;
    int ans=0;
    if(L<=m) ans+=query_num(ls[rt],L,R);
    if(R> m) ans+=query_num(rs[rt],R);
    return ans;
}

int query_id(int rt,int k){
    if(l>=r)return l;
    int m=((r-l)>>1)+l;
    int cnt = sum[ls[rt]];
    if(k<=cnt) return query_id(ls[rt],k);
    else       return query_id(rs[rt],k-cnt);
}

int main(){
    int _=1,kcase=0;
    scanf("%d",&_);
    while(_--){
        memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));

        ans = 0;
        scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) scanf("%d",&a[i]);

        tot = 0;
        build(rt[n+1],1,n);

        for(int i=n,tem;i;i--){
            tem=rt[i+1];
            if(vis[a[i]])update(tem,n,rt[i+1],vis[a[i]],-1);
            update(rt[i],tem,i,1);
            vis[a[i]]=i;
        }
        printf("Case #%d:",++kcase);
        for(int i=1,id;i<=m;i++){
            scanf("%d%d",&l,&r);
            so(l,r);
//            printf("[%d,%d]",r);
            id = query_num(rt[l],r);
//            printf(" %d<=",id);
            id =(id+1)>>1;
            ans=query_id(rt[l],id);
            printf(" %d",ans);
        }
        puts("");
    }
    return 0;
}