实验环境:CentOS 7 minimal,hostname:linuxprobe.org IP:10.1.1.53
【1】GNOME桌面环境
1、先把最小化安装完成的CentOS7做下快照(本文安装的CentOS在workstation里)
2、通过远程连接上安装的CentOS7,(通过Xshell)
桌面环境不是服务器使用所必需的。但有时安装或使用应用程序需要桌面环境,然后构建桌面环境。
3、执行下面命令安装GNOME Desktop Environment
[root@linuxprobe ~]# yum -y groups install "GNOME Desktop"4、在完成新软件包的安装后输入如下所示的命令
[root@linuxprobe ~]# startx5、GNOME桌面环境启动。对于第一次引导,初始设置运行如下。首先选择系统语言。
6、选择键盘类型为英文,根据提示完成安装
【2】KDE桌面环境
[root@vdevops ~]# yum -y groups install "KDE Plasma Workspaces" [root@dlp ~]# echo "exec startkde" >> ~/.xinitrc [root@dlp ~]# statrx【3】Cinnamon桌面环境
[root@linuxprobe ~]# yum -y groups install "Server with GUI" # install from EPEL [root@linuxprobe ~]# yum --enablerepo=epel -y install cinnamon* [root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "exec /usr/bin/cinnamon-session" >> ~/.xinitrc [root@linuxprobe ~]# startx【4】MATE桌面环境
[root@linuxprobe ~]# yum -y groups install "Server with GUI" # install from EPEL [root@linuxprobe ~]# yum --enablerepo=epel -y groups install "MATE Desktop" [root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "exec /usr/bin/mate-session" >> ~/.xinitrc [root@linuxprobe ~]# startx【5】Xfce桌面环境
[root@linuxprobe ~]# yum -y groups install "Server with GUI" # install from EPEL [root@linuxprobe ~]# yum --enablerepo=epel -y groups install "Xfce" [root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "exec /usr/bin/xfce4-session" >> ~/.xinitrc [root@linuxprobe ~]# startx【5】VNC
安装VNC服务器从远程客户端连接
[root@linuxprobe ~]# yum -y install tigervnc-server [root@linuxprobe ~]# su - wang # switch to a user you'd like to config VNC [wang@linuxprobe ~]$ vncpasswd # set VNC password Password:# input Verify:# confirm # run with diplay number '1',screen resolution '800x600',color depth '24' [wang@linuxprobe ~]$ vncserver :1 -geometry 800x600 -depth 24#下载VNC客户点连接VNC服务器
http://www.uvnc.com/downloads/ultravnc.html
【6】VNC客户端:noVNC
6.1、安装一些软件包并创建SSL证书。
从EPEL源安装
[root@linuxprobe ~]# yum --enablerepo=epel -y install novnc python-websockify numpy#创建证书
[root@linuxprobe ~]# cd /etc/pki/tls/certs [root@linuxprobe certs]# openssl req -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/pki/tls/certs/novnc.pem -out /etc/pki/tls/certs/novnc.pem -days Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key .................................+++ ......................+++ writing new private key to '/etc/pki/tls/certs/novnc.pem' ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value,If you enter '.',the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN #国家 State or Province Name (full name) []:Shanghai #地区 Locality Name (eg,city) [Default City]:Shanghai #城市 Organization Name (eg,company) [Default Company Ltd]:LinuxProbe #组织 Organizational Unit Name (eg,section) []:IT Solution #部门 Common Name (eg,your name or your server's hostname) []:linuxprobe.org #域名 Email Address []:shaon@linuxprobe.org #邮件地址
6.2、开始Websockify用户运行VNC服务器和代理localhost:5901年在端口6080上。
注:NOVNC一来VNC server,确保vnc server已设置完成,确认防火墙已关闭,这是个坑
[root@linuxprobe certs]# websockify -D --web=/usr/share/novnc/ --cert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/novnc.pem 6080 localhost:5902 WebSocket server settings: - Listen on :6080 - Flash security policy server - Web server. Web root: /usr/share/novnc - SSL/TLS support - Backgrounding (daemon) #从具有Web浏览器的客户端访问“http://(服务器的主机名或IP地址):6080 /”,然后显示noVNC表单,如下所示,使用VNC密码登录。如下图:
#连接成功显示
【7】安装Xrdp服务器
7.1、安装Xrdp服务器以从Windows远程桌面功能连接到CentOS
# install from EPEL [root@linuxprobe ~]# yum --enablerepo=epel -y install xrdp [root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl start xrdp [root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl enable xrdp7.2、从Windows客户端连接。例如在Windows 8.1上,在开始菜单上启动“远程桌面连接”。
按window键+r键,弹出运行框,输入mstsc调出windows远程连接客户端
总结:CentOS图形界面一般情况下是不需要的,但是特殊情况下需要用到图形界面 时可以根据上面来进行图形界面安装,特别注意,安装VNC服务器时,通过客户端连接如果不成功检查服务端的防火墙是不是没有关闭。