前言
Cobbler是一个自动化和简化系统安装的工具，通过使用网络引导来控制和启动安装。Cobbler的特性包括存储库镜像、Kickstart模板和连接电源管理系统。使用Cobbler之前需要先了解下PXE和Kickstart的基本原理，文章包含了Cobbler工作原理和Cobbler部署实践两部分内容，交叉关联性的内容还是蛮多的，遇到报错也不要怕，都会一步一步解决的。
使用Cobbler轻松设置和管理网络安装环境
Cobbler工作原理
Cobbler由Python语言开发，是对PXE和Kickstart以及DHCP的封装。融合很多特性，提供了CLI和Web的管理形式。更加方便的实行网络安装。同时，Cobbler也提供了API接口，使用其它语言也很容易做扩展。它不紧可以安装物理机，同时也支持kvm、xen虚拟化、Guest OS的安装。更多的是它还能结合Puppet等集中化管理软件，实现自动化的管理。
Cobbler 支持众多的发行版：Red Hat、Fedora、CentOS、Debian、Ubuntu 和 SuSE。当添加一个操作系统（通常通过使用 ISO 文件）时，Cobbler 知道如何解压缩合适的文件并调整网络服务，以正确引导机器。Cobbler 使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的图形化配置管理工具（cobbler-web）。通过配置cobbler自动部署DHCP、TFTP、HTTP，在安装过程中加载kiskstart无人值守安装应答文件实现无人值守。从客户端使用PXE引导启动安装。
Server端
第一步，启动Cobbler服务
第二步，进行Cobbler错误检查，执行cobbler check命令
第三步，进行配置同步，执行cobbler sync命令
第四步，复制相关启动文件文件到TFTP目录中
第五步，启动DHCP服务，提供地址分配
第六步，DHCP服务分配IP地址
第七步，TFTP传输启动文件
第八步，Server端接收安装信息
第九步，Server端发送ISO镜像与Kickstart文件
Client端
第一步，客户端以PXE模式启动
第二步，客户端获取IP地址
第三步，通过TFTP服务器获取启动文件
第四步，进入Cobbler安装选择界面
第五步，客户端确定加载信息
第六步，根据配置信息准备安装系统
第七步，加载Kickstart文件
第八步，传输系统安装的其它文件
第九步，进行安装系统
Cobbler部署实践
设置YUM源
cd/etc/yum.repo.d/ viepel.repo [epel] name=ExtraPackagesforEnterpriseLinux6-$basearch baseurl= #mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/Metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearchfailovermethod=priority enabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6[epel-debuginfo] name=ExtraPackagesforEnterpriseLinux6-$basearch-Debug baseurl= #mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/Metalink?repo=epel-debug-6&arch=$basearchfailovermethod=priority enabled=0gpgkey= [epel-source] name=ExtraPackagesforEnterpriseLinux6-$basearch-Source baseurl= #mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/Metalink?repo=epel-source-6&arch=$basearchfailovermethod=priority enabled=0gpgkey= #导入GPGkeysudorpm--import #修改repo文件添加CentOS6.X的YUM源cd/etc/yum.repos.d/ cprhel-source.reporhel-source.repo.bak virhel-source.repo [base] name=CentOS-$releasever-Base baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/x86_64/ gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6[updates] name=CentOS-$releasever-Updates baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/x86_64/ gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6[extras] name=CentOS-$releasever-Extras baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/x86_64/ gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6[centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever-Plus baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/x86_64/ gpgcheck=1
清除缓存查看是否生效
yumcleanall yummakecache yumrepolist
直接cobbler关联依赖包
yuminstallcobbler cobbler-web httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp python-ctypes debmirror pykickstart cman fence-agents dnsmasq #使用yum-plugin-downloadonly插件yuminstall-yyum-plugin-downloadonly yuminstall --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/cobbler cobbler cobbler-web httpdrsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp python-ctypes debmirror pykickstart cman fence-agents dnsmasq
必要服务
（1）cobbler （cobbler的核心）
（2）httpd （提供cobbler的web界面）
（3）dhcpd （为自动安装系统分配IP地址）
（4）epel-release （为之提供yum源）
（5）rsync （cobbler需要同步信息）
（6）cobbler-web （cobbler的一个web插件）
（7）xinetd （为rsync和tftp的守护进程）
（8）tftp （传送安装的一些文件的类似ftp）
检查cobbler配置，常见错误如下
cobblercheck1:The'server'fieldin/etc/cobbler/settingsmustbesettosomethingother thanlocalhost,orkickstartingfeatureswillnotwork.Thisshouldbea resolvablehostnameorIPforthebootserverasreachablebyallmachines thatwilluseit.2:ForPXEtobefunctional,the'next_server'fieldin/etc/cobbler/settings mustbesettosomethingotherthan127.0.0.1,andshouldmatchtheIPof thebootserveronthePXEnetwork.3:change'disable'to'no'in/etc/xinetd.d/tftp4:somenetworkboot-loadersaremissingfrom/var/lib/cobbler/loaders,you mayrun'cobblerget-loaders'todownloadthem,or,ifyouonlywantto handlex86/x86_64netbooting,youmayensurethatyouhaveinstalleda *recent*versionofthesyslinuxpackageinstalledandcanignorethis messageentirely.Filesinthisdirectory,shouldyouwanttosupportall architectures,shouldincludepxelinux.0,menu.c32,elilo.efi,andyaboot. The'cobblerget-loaders'commandistheeasiestwaytoresolvethese requirements.5:change'disable'to'no'in/etc/xinetd.d/rsync6:file/etc/xinetd.d/rsyncdoesnotexist7:debmirrorpackageisnotinstalled,itwillberequiredtomanagedebian deploymentsandrepositories8:ksvalidatorwasnotfound,installpykickstart9:Thedefaultpasswordusedbythesampletemplatesfornewlyinstalled machines(default_password_cryptedin/etc/cobbler/settings)isstillsetto 'cobbler'andshouldbechanged,try:"opensslpasswd-1-salt'random- phrase-here''your-password-here'"togeneratenewone10:fencingtoolswerenotfound,andarerequiredtousethe(optional) powermanagementfeatures.installcmanorfence-agentstousethem
1.编辑/etc/cobbler/settings文件，找到 server选项，修改为本机IP即可
2.编辑/etc/cobbler/settings文件，找到 next_server选项，修改为本机IP即可
3.SELinux的设置,如果上面已经关闭了SELinux就不用管了
4.执行 cobbler get-loaders，系统将自动下载loader程序，完成提示4的修复工作。
5.编辑/etc/xinetd.d/tftp文件，将文件中的disable字段的配置由yes改为no
6.编辑/etc/xinetd.d/rsync文件，将文件中的disable字段的配置由yes改为no
7.在iptables中将69，80，25151端口打开。如果仅仅只是在内部环境中使用，建议直接将防火墙关掉
8.提示说debmirror没安装。如果不是安装 debian之类的系统，此提示可以忽略
9.修改cobbler用户的默认密码，可以使用如下命令生成密码，并使用生成后的密码替换/etc/cobbler/settings中的密码。生成密码命令：openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'其中“random-phrase-here”为任意字符
10.安装cman或者fence-agents
关闭selinux/iptables
sed -i '/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
chkconfig iptables off
service iptables stop
设置tftp服务和rsync服务
sed -i '/disable/c\tdisable\t\t\t= no' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
sed -i -e 's/\=\ yes/\=\ no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
设置DHCP server的IP
sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.28.70.245/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
设置cobbler的IP
sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 172.28.70.245/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
设置Cobbler管理rsync
sed -i 's/manage_rsync: 0/manage_rsync: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
设置Cobbler管理DHCP
sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
设置Cobbler一次安装开关（可选）
sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
设置Cobbler管理DNS（可选）
sed -i 's/manage_dns: 0/manage_dns: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
开启动态更新（可选）
sed -i 's/allow_dynamic_settings: 0/allow_dynamic_settings: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
设置debmirror
sed -i -e 's/@dists=/#@dists=/g' /etc/debmirror.conf
sed -i -e 's/@arches=/#@arches=/g' /etc/debmirror.conf
编辑dnsmasq.template中dhcp-range部分
#vi/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.templatevi/etc/dnsmasq.conf#Cobblergeneratedconfigurationfilefordnsmasq#$date##resolve.conf..?#no-poll#enable-dbusread-ethers
addn-hosts=/var/lib/cobbler/cobbler_hosts
dhcp-range=172.28.70.246,172.28.70.250dhcp-option=3,$next_serverdhcp-lease-max=1000dhcp-authoritative
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0dhcp-boot=net:normalarch,pxelinux.0dhcp-boot=net:ia64,$elilo
#重启dnsmasq/etc/init.d/dnsmasqrestart#编辑dhcp.templatecp/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template.bak
vi/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
#******************************************************************
#Cobblermanageddhcpd.conffile#
#generatedfromcobblerdhcp.conftemplate($date)
#DoNOTmakechangesto/etc/dhcpd.conf.Instead,makeyourchanges
#in/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template,as/etc/dhcpd.confwillbe
#overwritten.
#******************************************************************
#ddns-update-styleinterim;
allowbooting;
allowbootp;
ignoreclient-updates;setvendorclass=optionvendor-class-identifier;
optionpxe-system-typecode93=unsignedinteger16;
subnet172.28.70.0netmask255.255.255.0{
optionrouters172.28.70.254;
optiondomain-name-servers172.28.70.254;
optionsubnet-mask255.255.255.0;
rangedynamic-bootp172.28.70.246172.28.70.250;
default-lease-time21600;
max-lease-time43200;
next-server$next_server;
class"pxeclients"{
matchifsubstring(optionvendor-class-identifier,9)="PXEClient";
ifoptionpxe-system-type=00:02{
filename"ia64/elilo.efi";
}elseifoptionpxe-system-type=00:06{
filename"grub/grub-x86.efi";
}elseifoptionpxe-system-type=00:07{
filename"grub/grub-x86_64.efi";
}else{
filename"pxelinux.0";
}
}
}#fordhcp_tagin$dhcp_tags.keys():
##groupcouldbesubnetifyourdhcptagslineupwithyoursubnets
##orreallyanyvaliddhcpd.confconstruct...ifyouonlyusethe
##defaultdhcptagincobbler,thegroupblockcanbedeletedfora
##flatconfiguration#groupforCobblerDHCPtag:$dhcp_taggroup{
#formacin$dhcp_tags[$dhcp_tag].keys():
#setiface=$dhcp_tags[$dhcp_tag][$mac]
host$iface.name{
hardwareethernet$mac;#if$iface.ip_address:
fixed-address$iface.ip_address;#endif
#if$iface.hostname:
optionhost-name"$iface.hostname";#endif
#if$iface.netmask:
optionsubnet-mask$iface.netmask;#endif
#if$iface.gateway:
optionrouters$iface.gateway;#endif
#if$iface.enable_gpxe:
ifexistsuser-classandoptionuser-class="gPXE"{
filename"http://$cobbler_server/cblr/svc/op/gpxe/system/$iface.owner";
}elseifexistsuser-classandoptionuser-class="iPXE"{
filename"http://$cobbler_server/cblr/svc/op/gpxe/system/$iface.owner";
}else{
filename"undionly.kpxe";
}#else
filename"$iface.filename";#endif
##Cobblerdefaultsto$next_server,butsomeusers
##mayliketouse$iface.system.serverforproxiedsetups
next-server$next_server;##next-server$iface.next_server;
}#endfor}#endfor#将dns和dhcp的管理引擎都配置为dnsmasq，
修改/etc/cobbler/modules.confvi/etc/cobbler/modules.conf
[authentication]
module=authn_configfile
[dns]
module=manage_dnsmasq
[dhcp]
module=manage_dnsmasq#修改httpd配置并启动vi/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ServerName127.0.0.1:80/etc/init.d/httpdrestart
设置目标系统root密码，这个设置只对CentOS/RHEL有效
PASSWORD="echo "admin123" | openssl passwd -1 -salt 'root' �stdin"
sed -i s@"^default_password_crypted.*$"@"default_password_crypted: \"$PASSWORD\""@g /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$cobbler$k/5ITeQUOffuOujzEvhjY."
下载启动菜单,启动报错请尝试service cobblerd restart
cobblerget-loaders cobbler@root#cobblerget-loaderstaskstarted:2016-04-11_092911_get_loaders taskstarted(id=DownloadBootloaderContent,time=MonApr1109:29:112016) downloadinghttp://cobbler.github.io/loaders/READMEto/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README downloadinghttp://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.eliloto/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo downloadinghttp://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yabootto/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot downloadinghttp://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinuxto/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux downloadinghttp://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efito/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi downloadinghttp://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot downloadinghttp://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 downloadinghttp://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efito/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi downloadinghttp://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efito/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi ***TASKCOMPLETE***#重启相关服务并配置自动启动chkconfigcobblerdon chkconfighttpdon chkconfigxinetdon chkconfigdnsmasqon servicehttpdrestart servicexinetdrestart servicednsmasqrestart servicecobblerdrestart #检查并同步cobbler配置，如果有如下报错确认文件存在可以忽略cobbler@ZJ/etc/cobbler#cobblercheckThefollowingarepotentialconfigurationitemsthatyoumaywanttofix:1:file/etc/xinetd.d/rsyncdoesnotexist Restartcobblerdandthenrun'cobblersync'toapplychanges. cobbler@ZJ/etc/cobbler#cobblersynctaskstarted:2016-04-11_170138_sync taskstarted(id=Sync,time=MonApr1117:01:382016) runningpre-synctriggers cleaningtrees removing:/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images copyingbootloaders tryinghardlink/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0-> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0tryinghardlink/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32->/var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32 tryinghardlink/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot->/var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot tryinghardlink/usr/share/syslinux/memdisk->/var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk tryinghardlink/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi->/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi tryinghardlink/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi->/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi copyingdistrostotftpboot copyingimages generatingPXEconfigurationfiles generatingPXEmenustructure renderingDHCPfiles renderingDNSfiles renderingTFTPDfiles generating/etc/xinetd.d/tftp cleaninglinkcaches renderingRsyncfiles runningpost-synctriggers runningpythontriggersfrom/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* runningpythontriggercobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services running:servicednsmasqrestart receivedonstdout:Shuttingdowndnsmasq:[OK] Startingdnsmasq:[OK] receivedonstderr: runningshelltriggersfrom/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* runningpythontriggersfrom/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* runningpythontriggercobbler.modules.scm_track runningshelltriggersfrom/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* ***TASKCOMPLETE***#开启动态编辑后的效果cobblersettingreport cobblersettingreport[--name=option] allow_duplicate_hostnames:0allow_duplicate_ips:0allow_duplicate_macs:0allow_dynamic_settings:1always_write_dhcp_entries:0anamon_enabled:0auth_token_expiration:3600authn_pam_service:loginbind_chroot_path: bind_master:127.0.0.1build_reporting_email:['root@localhost'] build_reporting_enabled:0build_reporting_ignorelist:[''] build_reporting_sender: build_reporting_smtp_server:localhost build_reporting_subject: build_reporting_to_address: buildisodir:/var/cache/cobbler/buildiso cheetah_import_whitelist:['random','re','time'] client_use_https:0client_use_localhost:0cobbler_master: consoles:/var/consoles createrepo_flags:-ccache-ssha default_deployment_method:ssh default_kickstart:/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/default.ks default_name_servers:[] default_name_servers_search:[] default_ownership:['admin'] default_password_crypted:$1$root$JX8M6OcOn.pjk0pHdnG0y0 default_template_type:cheetah default_virt_bridge:xenbr0 default_virt_disk_driver:raw default_virt_file_size:5default_virt_ram:512default_virt_type:xenpvenable_gpxe:0enable_menu:1func_auto_setup:0func_master:overlord.example.org http_port:80isc_set_host_name:0iso_template_dir:/etc/cobbler/iso kerberos_realm:EXAMPLE.COM kernel_options:{'ksdevice':'bootif','lang':'','text':'~'} kernel_options_s390x:{'vnc':'~','ip':False,'RUNKS':1,'ramdisk_size':40000,'ro':'~','root':'/dev/ram0'} ldap_anonymous_bind:1ldap_base_dn:DC=example,DC=com ldap_management_default_type:authconfig ldap_port:389ldap_search_bind_dn: ldap_search_passwd: ldap_search_prefix:uid= ldap_server:ldap.example.com ldap_tls:1ldap_tls_cacertfile: ldap_tls_certfile: ldap_tls_keyfile: manage_dhcp:1manage_dns:1manage_forward_zones:[] manage_reverse_zones:[] manage_rsync:1manage_tftp:1manage_tftpd:1mgmt_classes:[] mgmt_parameters:{'from_cobbler':1} next_server:172.28.70.245power_management_default_type:ipmitool power_template_dir:/etc/cobbler/power proxy_url_ext: proxy_url_int: puppet_auto_setup:0puppet_parameterized_classes:1puppet_server:puppet puppet_version:2puppetca_path:/usr/bin/puppet pxe_just_once:1pxe_template_dir:/etc/cobbler/pxe redhat_management_key: redhat_management_permissive:0redhat_management_server:xmlrpc.rhn.redhat.com redhat_management_type:off register_new_installs:0remove_old_puppet_certs_automatically:0replicate_repo_rsync_options:-avzH replicate_rsync_options:-avzH reposync_flags:-l-n-drestart_dhcp:1restart_dns:1restart_xinetd:1run_install_triggers:1scm_track_enabled:0scm_track_mode:git serializer_pretty_json:0server:172.28.70.245sign_puppet_certs_automatically:0signature_path:/var/lib/cobbler/distro_signatures.json signature_url:http://cobbler.github.io/signatures/2.6.x/latest.json snippetsdir:/var/lib/cobbler/snippets template_remote_kickstarts:0virt_auto_boot:1webdir:/var/www/cobbler xmlrpc_port:25151yum_distro_priority:1yum_post_install_mirror:1yumdownloader_flags:--resolve#修改seting文件cobbler登陆服务器地址cobblersettingedit--name=server--value=172.28.0.1#ks脚本关闭pxe，这样就不会重复安装cobblersettingedit--name=pxe_just_once--value=1#TFTP服务器IP地址cobblersettingedit--name=next_server--value=172.28.0.1#cobbler管理rsync，dhcp，dnscobblersettingedit--name=manage_rsync--value=1cobblersettingedit--name=manage_dhcp--value=1cobblersettingedit--name=manage_dns--value=1cobbler导入镜像#使用镜像文件mount-oloop/tmp/rhel-server-6.3-x86_64-dvd.iso/mnt/rhel63#使用光盘mount/dev/sr0/mnt/rhel63#执行镜像导入，并关联自定义的自动安装配置ks脚本，这个地方我们可以为不同的系统版本指定不同的自动安装ks脚本（这个过程实际比较长，cobbler 会把软件整个复制一份到本地，在这之前，务必确认硬盘空间足够装下镜 像） cobblerimport--path=/tmp/rhel63--name=rhel63--kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel63.cfg taskstarted:2016-04-12_090326_import taskstarted(id=Mediaimport,time=TueApr1209:03:262016) Foundacandidatesignature:breed=redhat,version=rhel6 Foundamatchingsignature:breed=redhat,version=rhel6 Addingdistrosfrompath/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63: creatingnewdistro:rhel63-x86_64 tryingsymlink:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63->/var/www/cobbler/links/rhel63-x86_64 creatingnewprofile:rhel63-x86_64 associatingrepos checkingforrsyncrepo(s) checkingforrhnrepo(s) checkingforyumrepo(s) startingdescentinto/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63forrhel63-x86_64 processingrepoat:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63 needtoprocessrepo/comps:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63 lookingfor/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/repodata/*comps*.xml Keepingrepodataas-is:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/repodata processingrepoat:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/HighAvailability needtoprocessrepo/comps:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/HighAvailability lookingfor/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/HighAvailability/repodata/*comps*.xml Keepingrepodataas-is:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/HighAvailability/repodata processingrepoat:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/Server needtoprocessrepo/comps:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/Server lookingfor/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/Server/repodata/*comps*.xml Keepingrepodataas-is:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/Server/repodata processingrepoat:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/LoadBalancer needtoprocessrepo/comps:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/LoadBalancer lookingfor/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/LoadBalancer/repodata/*comps*.xml Keepingrepodataas-is:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/LoadBalancer/repodata processingrepoat:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ScalableFileSystem needtoprocessrepo/comps:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ScalableFileSystem lookingfor/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ScalableFileSystem/repodata/*comps*.xml Keepingrepodataas-is:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ScalableFileSystem/repodata processingrepoat:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ResilientStorage needtoprocessrepo/comps:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ResilientStorage lookingfor/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ResilientStorage/repodata/*comps*.xml Keepingrepodataas-is:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ResilientStorage/repodata ***TASKCOMPLETE*** #查看cobbler导入结果cobblerdistrolistcobblerreport #验证ks有效性，剩下的就是PXE引导测试了cobblervalidateks cobbler-web#设置Web登录,cobbler2.6以上版本已经无需修改sed-i's/module=authn_denyall/module=authn_configfile/g'/etc/cobbler/modules.conf #设置CobblerWeb登录用户登录密码htdigest/etc/cobbler/users.digest"Cobbler"cobbler ChangingpasswordforusercobblerinrealmCobbler Newpassword:cobbler Re-typenewpassword:cobbler#cobbler_web登录地址，推荐使用命令行管理http://{IP}/cobbler_web Cobbler相关选项说明#Cobbler常用命令详解cobblercheck #检查cobbler配置cobblersync #同步配置到dhcp/pxe和数据目录cobblerlist #列出所有的cobbler元素cobblerimport #导入安装的系统镜像cobblerreport #列出各元素的详细信息cobblerdistro #查看导入的发行版系统信息cobblerprofile #查看配置信息cobblersystem#查看添加的系统信息cobblerreposync #同步yum仓库到本地#导入镜像文件命令： cobblerimport--path=镜像路径--name=安装引导名--arch=32位或64位 参数： path是镜像所挂载的目录 name是导入到cobbler里面显示的名字 arch是32位系统还是64位系统 #导入kickstart文件命令：cobblerprofileadd--name=list名--distro=镜像--kickstart=路径 参数： name是表示添加的ks的名字，用cobblerreport可以看到这个名字 distro是用哪个镜像，list的distros里面选择一个，需要版本相对应 kickstart是具体的ks文件路径#同步DHCP、HTTPD命令：cobblersync 注，每次修改完dhcp.template之类的配置文件需要执行一次使其生效。 #查看Cobbler列表命令：cobblerlist 注，列出Cobbler所有的元素。 #删除相关列表命令：cobblerdistro/profileremove--name=要删除的引导文件名 删除指定distro,也就是镜像 删除指定的profile文件，也就是ks #Cobbler安装后目录说明cobbler配置文件目录/etc/cobbler： /etc/cobbler/settings#cobbler主配置文件/etc/cobbler/iso/ #iso模板配置文件/etc/cobbler/pxe #pxe模板文件/etc/cobbler/power #电源的配置文件/etc/cobbler/users.conf #Web服务授权配置文件/etc/cobbler/users.digest #用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template #DHCP服务的配置模板/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template #DNS服务的配置模板/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template #tftp服务的配置模板/etc/cobbler/modules.conf #Cobbler模块配置文件cobbler数据目录/var/lib/cobbler： /var/lib/cobbler/config/#用于存放distros、systems、profiles等信息配置文件/var/lib/cobbler/triggers #用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ #默认存放kickstart文件/var/lib/cobbler/loaders #存放的各种引导程序镜像数据目录/var/www/cobbler： /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ #导入的发行版系统的所有数据/var/www/cobbler/images/ #导入发行版的Kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/ #yum仓库存储目录日志目录/var/log/cobbler/： /var/log/cobbler/install.log #客户端的安装系统日志/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log #cobbler日志常见问题 #多查看错误日志less/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log #为cobbler-web重置用户密码htdigest/etc/cobbler/users.digest"Cobbler"cobbler #添加新用户htdigest/etc/cobbler/users.digest"Cobbler"usernam #DHCP多网卡环境可以指定网卡vi/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd #CommandlineoptionshereDHCPDARGS=eth0
