下面我们就以CentOS系统为例，给大家讲解一下Postgresql的安装过程。
1.使用yum安装postgresql
[pengchengxiang@localhost ~]$ sudo yum install postgresql-server.x86_64 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,refresh-packagekit,security Setting up Install Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.btte.net * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package postgresql-server.x86_64 0:8.4.20-3.el6_6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: postgresql(x86-64) = 8.4.20-3.el6_6 for package: postgresql-server-8.4.20-3.el6_6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package postgresql.x86_64 0:8.4.20-3.el6_6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: postgresql-server x86_64 8.4.20-3.el6_6 updates 3.4 M Installing for dependencies: postgresql x86_64 8.4.20-3.el6_6 updates 2.6 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 2 Package(s) Total download size: 6.0 M Installed size: 28 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/2): postgresql-8.4.20-3.el6_6.x86_64.rpm | 2.6 MB 00:02 (2/2): postgresql-server-8.4.20-3.el6_6.x86_64.rpm | 3.4 MB 00:06 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 680 kB/s | 6.0 MB 00:09 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : postgresql-8.4.20-3.el6_6.x86_64 1/2 Installing : postgresql-server-8.4.20-3.el6_6.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : postgresql-8.4.20-3.el6_6.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : postgresql-server-8.4.20-3.el6_6.x86_64 2/2 Installed: postgresql-server.x86_64 0:8.4.20-3.el6_6 Dependency Installed: postgresql.x86_64 0:8.4.20-3.el6_6 Complete!
[pengchengxiang@localhost ~]$ sudo service postgresql initdb Initializing database: [ OK ]
2.启动postgresql服务
3.查看postgresql的服务状态
[pengchengxiang@localhost ~]$ sudo service postgresql status postmaster (pid 3496) is running...
[pengchengxiang@localhost ~]$ sudo service postgresql start /var/lib/pgsql/data is missing. Use "service postgresql initdb" to initialize the cluster first. [Failed]
[pengchengxiang@localhost ~]$ sudo su - postgres -bash-4.1$ psql psql (8.4.20) Type "help" for help. postgres=#
2.列出所有的数据库
postgres=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collation | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
: postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
: postgres=CTc/postgres
(3 rows)
postgres=# \q -bash-4.1$
-bash-4.1$ ls -l /var/lib/pgsql/data/ total 80 drwx------. 5 postgres postgres 4096 Nov 16 23:55 base drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Nov 16 23:55 global drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Nov 16 23:55 pg_clog -rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 3411 Nov 16 23:55 pg_hba.conf -rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 1631 Nov 16 23:55 pg_ident.conf drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Nov 17 00:00 pg_log drwx------. 4 postgres postgres 4096 Nov 16 23:55 pg_multixact drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Nov 17 00:02 pg_stat_tmp drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Nov 16 23:55 pg_subtrans drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Nov 16 23:55 pg_tblspc drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Nov 16 23:55 pg_twophase -rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 4 Nov 16 23:55 PG_VERSION drwx------. 3 postgres postgres 4096 Nov 16 23:55 pg_xlog -rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 16886 Nov 16 23:55 postgresql.conf -rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 57 Nov 16 23:55 postmaster.opts -rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 45 Nov 16 23:55 postmaster.pid
四、Postgrepsql的简单配置
1.修改监听的ip和端口
# - Connection Settings -
#listen_addresses = '*' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
# comma-separated list of addresses;
# defaults to 'localhost','*' = all
# (change requires restart)
#port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
修改这两个参数之后，需要重启之后才能生效
[pengchengxiang@localhost ~]$ sudo service postgresql restart Stopping postgresql service: [ OK ] Starting postgresql service: [ OK ]
ip和端口修改好，PostgreSQ 客户端连接可能还会出现如下问题 FATAL: no pg_hba.conf entry for host：
要解决这个问题，只需要在Postgresql数据库的安装目录下找到/data/pg_hba.conf,找到“# IPv4 local connections:”
在其下加上请求连接的机器IP
hostall all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
日志收集，一般是打开的
# This is used when logging to stderr:
logging_collector = on # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
# into log files. required to be on for
# csvlogs.
# (change requires restart)
日志目录，一般使用默认值
# These are only used if logging_collector is on: log_directory = 'pg_log' # directory where log files are written,# can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
只保留一天的日志，进行循环覆盖
log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log' # log file name pattern,# can include strftime() escapes log_truncate_on_rotation = on # If on,an existing log file of the # same name as the new log file will be # truncated rather than appended to. # But such truncation only occurs on # time-driven rotation,not on restarts # or size-driven rotation. Default is # off,meaning append to existing files # in all cases. log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will # happen after that time. 0 disables. log_rotation_size = 0 # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
3.内存参数的配置
# - Memory -
shared_buffers = 32MB # min 128kB
# (change requires restart)
# actively intend to use prepared transactions. #work_mem = 1MB # min 64kB
推荐教程:http://www.postgres.cn/docs/9.4/index.html
