centos6 NFS网络共享服务部署

服务器系统角色 IP @H_403_1@CentOS6.8 x86_64 NFS服务器端（NFS-server） 192.168.1.14 @H_403_1@Centos6.8 x86_64 NFS客户端（Web-lamp01） 192.168.1.15 @H_403_1@Centos6.8 x86_64 NFS客户端（Web-lnmp02） 192.168.1.16

10.3.2 NFS服务部署架构图

检查安装包是否已安装

[root@NFS-server ~]# rpm -qa nfs-utils rpcbind@H_403_1@rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6_7.x86_64@H_403_1@nfs-utils-1.2.3-64.el6.x86_64

代表安装过了，无需安装，如上面没有输出信息则执行下面命令安装

安装NFS软件：

yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind@H_403_1@

检查安装包是否安装上

[root@NFS-server ~]# rpm -qa nfs-utils rpcbind@H_403_1@rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6_7.x86_64@H_403_1@nfs-utils-1.2.3-64.el6.x86_64

接下来启动相应的服务

[root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind status <==检查rpcbind服务状态@H_403_1@rpcbind is stopped@H_403_1@[root@NFS-server ~]# rpcinfo -p localhost <==rpcbind服务未启动检查 rpcinfo信息报错@H_403_1@rpcinfo: can't contact portmapper: RPC: Remote system error - Connection refused@H_403_1@[root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start <==启动rpcbind服务@H_403_1@Starting rpcbind: [ OK ]@H_403_1@[root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind status@H_403_1@rpcbind (pid 2083) is running...@H_403_1@[root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs status <==查看nfs服务状态@H_403_1@rpc.svcgssd is stopped@H_403_1@rpc.mountd is stopped@H_403_1@nfsd is stopped@H_403_1@rpc.rquotad is stopped@H_403_1@[root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs start <==启动nfs服务@H_403_1@Starting NFS services: [ OK ]@H_403_1@Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]@H_403_1@Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]@H_403_1@Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]@H_403_1@Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ]

设置开机自启动

[root@NFS-server ~]# chkconfig --level 35 nfs on <==设置nfs服务开机自启动@H_403_1@[root@NFS-server ~]# chkconfig --list nfs@H_403_1@nfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off@H_403_1@[root@NFS-server ~]# chkconfig --level 35 rpcbind on@H_403_1@[root@NFS-server ~]# chkconfig --list rpcbind <==<==设置rpcbind服务开机自启动@H_403_1@rpcbind 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

10.5 配置NFS服务端

10.5.1 NFS服务端配置文件路径

NFS服务配置文件路径为：/etc/exports,并且默认是为空。

1 [root@NFS-server ~]# ll /etc/exports@H_403_1@2 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jan 12 2010 /etc/exports@H_403_1@3 [root@NFS-server ~]# cat /etc/exports@H_403_1@4 [root@NFS-server ~]#

10.5.2 编辑NFS服务端配置文件

1 [root@NFS-server ~]# vim /etc/exports@H_403_1@2 /data 192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash) <==添加如下内容@H_403_1@3 [root@NFS-server ~]# mkdir -p /data <==创建共享目录/data@H_403_1@4 [root@NFS-server ~]# ls -ld /data@H_403_1@5 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Nov 26 15:19 /data <==当前共享目录的属主属组分别为root@H_403_1@6 [root@NFS-server ~]# chown -R nfsnobody.nfsnobody /data <==修改/data及子文件属主属组为nfsnobody@H_403_1@7 [root@NFS-server ~]# ls -ld /data @H_403_1@8 drwxr-xr-x. 3 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 /data

10.5.3 重新加载NFS服务(优雅重启)

1 [root@NFS-server ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs reload ===exportfs -r@H_403_1@2 [root@NFS-server ~]# cat /var/lib/nfs/etab @H_403_1@3 /data 192.168.1.0/24(rw,wdelay,hide,nocrossmnt,secure,root_squash,all_squash,no_subtree_check,secure_locks,acl,anonuid=65534,anongid=65534,sec=sys,rw,all_squash)@H_403_1@4 [root@NFS-server ~]# showmount -e 192.168.1.14 <==挂载前首先检查有权限需要挂载的信息@H_403_1@5 Export list for 192.168.1.14:@H_403_1@6 /data 192.168.1.0/24 <---可以看到共享/data目录

10.5.4 检查或测试挂载

1 [root@NFS-server test]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt ##将/data共享目录挂载到/mnt目录@H_403_1@2 [root@NFS-server test]# df -h@H_403_1@3 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on@H_403_1@4 /dev/sda3 7.1G 1.5G 5.3G 22% /@H_403_1@5 tmpfs 279M 0 279M 0% /dev/shm@H_403_1@6 /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot@H_403_1@7 192.168.1.14:/data 7.1G 1.5G 5.3G 22% /mnt

注意：

大型企业工作场景统一按照运维规范将服务的启动写到/etc/rc.local文件里，而不用chkconfig管理。把/etc/rc.local文件作为本机的重要档案，所有服务的开机自启动都必须放入/etc/rc.local。这样规范的好处是，一旦有运维人员离职，或者业务迁移时都通过/etc/rc.local很容易查看服务器相关的服务，可以方便运维管理。并且把启动命令放入到/etc/rc.local文件中一定要加上启动服务的注释。

1 [root@NFS-server test]# vim /etc/rc.local @H_403_1@2 #!/bin/sh@H_403_1@3 #@H_403_1@4 # This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.@H_403_1@5 # You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't@H_403_1@6 # want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.@H_403_1@7 @H_403_1@8 touch /var/lock/subsys/local@H_403_1@9 #start up nfs services by zhurui at 20160226@H_403_1@10 /etc/init.d/rpcbind start <==开机自启rpcbind服务@H_403_1@11 /etc/init.d/nfs start <==开机自启nfs服务

Web-lamp01客户端部署：

1 1.安装软件@H_403_1@2 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind @H_403_1@3 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,security@H_403_1@4 Setting up Install Process@H_403_1@5 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile@H_403_1@6 * base: mirrors.sina.cn@H_403_1@7 * extras: mirrors.opencas.cn@H_403_1@8 * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn@H_403_1@9 base | 3.7 kB 00:00 @H_403_1@10 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 @H_403_1@11 extras/primary_db | 34 kB 00:00 @H_403_1@12 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 @H_403_1@13 2.启动rpcbind@H_403_1@14 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start@H_403_1@15 Starting rpcbind: [ OK ]@H_403_1@16 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# @H_403_1@17 3.配置开机自启动@H_403_1@18 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 rpcbind on@H_403_1@19 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# chkconfig --list rpcbind@H_403_1@20 rpcbind 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off@H_403_1@21 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# @H_403_1@22 4.测试服务端共享@H_403_1@23 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.1.14@H_403_1@24 Export list for 192.168.1.14:@H_403_1@25 /data 192.168.1.0/24@H_403_1@26 5.挂载@H_403_1@27 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt@H_403_1@28 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# df -h@H_403_1@29 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on@H_403_1@30 /dev/sda3 7.1G 1.5G 5.3G 22% /@H_403_1@31 tmpfs 279M 0 279M 0% /dev/shm@H_403_1@32 /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot@H_403_1@33 192.168.1.14:/data 7.1G 1.5G 5.3G 22% /mnt@H_403_1@34 6.测试读,写@H_403_1@35 服务器端：@H_403_1@36 [root@NFS-server test]# cd /data/@H_403_1@37 [root@NFS-server data]# ll@H_403_1@38 total 8@H_403_1@39 -rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf@H_403_1@40 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test@H_403_1@41 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui@H_403_1@42 [root@NFS-server data]# mkdir zhurui1@H_403_1@43 [root@NFS-server data]# ll@H_403_1@44 total 12@H_403_1@45 -rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf@H_403_1@46 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test@H_403_1@47 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui@H_403_1@48 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Nov 28 12:21 zhurui1@H_403_1@49 客户端：@H_403_1@50 [root@Web-lamp01 ~]# cd /mnt/@H_403_1@51 [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# ll@H_403_1@52 total 4@H_403_1@53 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test@H_403_1@54 [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# touch fs.sf@H_403_1@55 [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# ll@H_403_1@56 total 4@H_403_1@57 -rw-r--r--. 1 nobody nobody 0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf@H_403_1@58 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test@H_403_1@59 [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# mkdir zhurui@H_403_1@60 [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# ls -ld zhurui/@H_403_1@61 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui/@H_403_1@62 [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# ll@H_403_1@63 total 12@H_403_1@64 -rw-r--r--. 1 nobody nobody 0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf@H_403_1@65 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test@H_403_1@66 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui@H_403_1@67 drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 28 12:21 zhurui1@H_403_1@68 7.开机自启动@H_403_1@69 [root@Web-lamp01 mnt]# vim /etc/rc.local @H_403_1@70 #start up rpcbind services by zhurui 20160226@H_403_1@71 @H_403_1@72 /etc/init.d/rpcbind start@H_403_1@73 @H_403_1@74 /bin/mount -t nfs 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt

Web-lnmp02客户端部署跟Web-lamp01部署步骤相同，这里就不多加说明

1.安装软件@H_403_1@2 [root@Web-lnmp02 ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind@H_403_1@ 3 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,security@H_403_1@4 Setting up Install Process@H_403_1@5 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile@H_403_1@6 * base: mirrors.sina.cn@H_403_1@7 * extras: mirrors.opencas.cn@H_403_1@8 * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn@H_403_1@9 base | 3.7 kB 00:00@H_403_1@ 10 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 @H_403_1@11 extras/primary_db | 34 kB 00:00@H_403_1@ 12 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00@H_403_1@ 13 2.启动rpcbind@H_403_1@14 [root@Web-lnmp02 ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start@H_403_1@15 Starting rpcbind: [ OK ]@H_403_1@16 [root@Web-lnmp02 ~]#@H_403_1@3.配置开机自启动@H_403_1@[root@Web-lnmp02 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 rpcbind on@H_403_1@[root@Web-lnmp02 ~]# chkconfig --list rpcbind@H_403_1@rpcbind 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off@H_403_1@[root@Web-lnmp02 ~]#@H_403_1@ 4.测试服务端共享@H_403_1@[root@Web-lnmp02 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.1.14@H_403_1@Export list for 192.168.1.14:@H_403_1@/data 192.168.1.0/24@H_403_1@5.挂载@H_403_1@[root@Web-lnmp02 ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt@H_403_1@[root@Web-lnmp02 ~]# df -h@H_403_1@Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on@H_403_1@/dev/sda3 7.1G 1.5G 5.3G 22% /@H_403_1@tmpfs 279M 0 279M 0% /dev/shm@H_403_1@/dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot@H_403_1@192.168.1.14:/data 7.1G 1.5G 5.3G 22% /mnt@H_403_1@6.测试读,写@H_403_1@服务器端：@H_403_1@[root@NFS-server test]# cd /data/@H_403_1@[root@NFS-server data]# ll@H_403_1@total 8@H_403_1@-rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf@H_403_1@drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test@H_403_1@drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui@H_403_1@[root@NFS-server data]# mkdir zhurui1@H_403_1@[root@NFS-server data]# ll@H_403_1@total 12@H_403_1@-rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf@H_403_1@drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test@H_403_1@drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui@H_403_1@drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Nov 28 12:21 zhurui1@H_403_1@客户端：@H_403_1@[root@Web-lnmp02 ~]# cd /mnt/@H_403_1@[root@Web-lnmp02 mnt]# ll@H_403_1@total 4@H_403_1@drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test@H_403_1@[root@Web-lnmp02 mnt]# touch fs.sf@H_403_1@[root@Web-lnmp02 mnt]# ll@H_403_1@total 4@H_403_1@-rw-r--r--. 1 nobody nobody 0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf@H_403_1@drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test@H_403_1@[root@Web-lnmp02 mnt]# mkdir zhurui@H_403_1@[root@Web-lnmp02 mnt]# ls -ld zhurui/@H_403_1@drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui/@H_403_1@[root@Web-lnmp02 mnt]# ll@H_403_1@total 12@H_403_1@-rw-r--r--. 1 nobody nobody 0 Nov 28 12:20 fs.sf@H_403_1@drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 26 15:19 test@H_403_1@drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 28 12:20 zhurui@H_403_1@drwxr-xr-x. 2 nobody nobody 4096 Nov 28 12:21 zhurui1@H_403_1@7.开机自启动@H_403_1@[root@Web-lnmp02 mnt]# vim /etc/rc.local @H_403_1@#start up rpcbind services by zhurui 20160226@H_403_1@/etc/init.d/rpcbind start@H_403_1@/bin/mount -t nfs 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt

mount挂载性能优化参数选项

(1)禁止更新目录及文件时间戳挂载

mount -t nfs -o noatime,nodiratime 192.168.1.14:/data

(2)安全加优化的挂载方式

mount -t nfs -o nosuid,noexec,nodev,noatime,nodiratime,intr,rsize=131072,wsize=131072 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt

(3)默认的挂载方式

mount -t nfs 192.168.1.14:/data /mnt

10.7 NFS内核优化

对应的具体内核优化命令：

cat >>/etc/sysctl.conf<<EOF@H_403_1@net.core.wmem_default = 8388608@H_403_1@net.core.rmem_default = 8388608@H_403_1@net.core.rmem_max = 16777216@H_403_1@net.core.wmem_max = 16777216@H_403_1@EOF

执行sysctl -p生效

centos6 NFS网络共享服务部署

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