背景介绍
我们都知道一台服务器能提供的资源是有限的,如果想打破这个限制,只有两个办法,一个是购买硬件,提升服务器性能,但是性价比过高,而第二种方法这则是,使用集群软件让两台服务器处理一个服务的不同请求,分带单台服务器的负载,从而提升性能,实现这一的软件开源著名的有Nginx或者Lvs,这里我们使用的是LVS,但是lvs需要一个调度服务器,这样调度服务器就是一个集训的单点故障,一旦调度服务器出现故障,整个集群便崩溃,所以我们需要两台调度节点,一旦一个调度节点损坏,那么另一台调度节点开始工作,这里我们使用Keepalived开源软件实现调度器的高可用。
逻辑图介绍
1.用户在访问Nginx的时候,先通过VIP访问Master1,由Master指定那个real-server提供服务
2.在Master通过lvs-Dr指定的算法选定由Nginx1来提供服务,那么数据在通过VIP发送到Nginx1上
3.Nginx处理完请求后,在通过自身的VIP将处理后的请求直接发送给User
注明:
如果Master出现故障,那么Baskup将替代Master工作
如果Nginx1出现故障,那么Nginx2将提点Nginx1工作
如果Nginx1没有出现故障,那么LVS服务使用算法会将请求平均到Nginx1和Nginx2上
如果两台Nginx同时出现故障,那么Master会提供Sorry Server服务
物理拓扑图及环境介绍
服务器:使用虚拟机虚拟4套服务器
操作系统:CentOS7.3
HA软件/LVs软件:keepalived
Web软件:Nginx
IP及主机名配置
VIP:172.18.17.30
Master:
主机名:shiyan7.one
IP地址:172.18.17.31
Backup
主机名:shiyan7.fore
IP地址:172.18.17.34
主机名:shiyan7.two
IP地址:172.18.17.34
主机名:shiyan7.thy
IP地址:172.18.17.34
4台服务器初始化配置
同步时间服务
- #Master配置NTP服务器
- [root@shiyan7~]#vim/etc/ntp.conf
- restrict172.18.17.0mask255.255.0.0nomodifynotrap
- server127.127.1.0
- fudge127.1.1.0stratum8
- [root@shiyan7~]#ntpdate172.18.17.31
关闭Selinux
- [root@shiyan7~]#vim/etc/selinux/config
- SELINUX=disabled
关闭防火墙
- [root@shiyan7~]#systemctlstopfirewalld
- [root@shiyan7~]#systemctldisablefirewalld
- [root@shiyan7~]#iptables-F
主机名解析配置
- [root@shiyan7~]#cat/etc/hosts
- 127.0.0.1localhostlocalhost.localdomainlocalhost4localhost4.localdomain4
- ::1localhostlocalhost.localdomainlocalhost6localhost6.localdomain6
- 172.18.17.34shiyan.fore
- 172.18.17.31shiyan.one
- 172.18.17.32shiyan7.two
- 172.18.17.33shiyan7.thy
Master/Backup初始化配置
安装KeepAlived、Nginx软件
- [root@shiyan7~]#yuminstallkeepalivedNginxipvsadm
Nginx1/2初始化配置
安装Nginx软件
- [root@shiyan7~]#yuminstallNginx
- #这里配置一个配置VIP及更改内核参数的脚本。
- [root@shiyan7~]#touchroush.sh
- [root@shiyan7~]#chmod+xroush.sh
- [root@shiyan7~]#vimroush.sh
- #!/bin/bash
- #
- vip="172.18.17.30"
- netmask="255.255.255.255"
- iface="lo:0"
- case$1in
- start)
- echo1>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
- echo1>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
- echo2>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
- echo2>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
- ifconfig$iface$vipnetmask$netmaskbroadcast$vipup
- routeadd-host$vipdev$iface
- ;;
- stop)
- ifconfig$ifacedown
- echo0>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
- echo0>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
- echo0>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
- echo0>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
- ;;
- esac
Ngxin1配置
- [root@shiyan7~]#./roush.shstart
- [root@shiyan7~]#mkdir/app/Nginx/html
- [root@shiyan7~]#echo"<h1>RS1:172.18.17.32</h1>">/app/Nginx/html/index.html
- [root@shiyan7~]#cp/etc/Nginx/Nginx/conf{,.bak}#备份原文件
- [root@shiyan7~]#vim/etc/Nginx/Nginx/conf
- server{
- listen80default_server;
- listen[::]:80default_server;
- server_name_;
- root/app/Nginx/html;#修改root这里的路径,其他不需要
- #Loadconfigurationfilesforthedefaultserverblock.
- include/etc/Nginx/default.d/*.conf;
- location/{
- }
- error_page404/404.html;
- location=/40x.html{
- }
- error_page500502503504/50x.html;
- }
- [root@shiyan7~]#systemctlstartNginx
- #测试Nginx服务
- [root@yum~]#curlhttp://172.18.17.33
- <h1>RS1:172.18.17.33</h1>
Ngxin2配置
- [root@shiyan7~]#./roush.shstart
- [root@shiyan7~]#mkdir/app/Nginx/html
- [root@shiyan7~]#echo"<h1>RS1:172.18.17.33</h1>">/app/Nginx/html/index.html
- [root@shiyan7~]#cp/etc/Nginx/Nginx/conf{,.bak}#备份原文件
- [root@shiyan7~]#vim/etc/Nginx/Nginx/conf
- server{
- listen80default_server;
- listen[::]:80default_server;
- server_name_;
- root/app/Nginx/html;#修改root这里的路径,其他不需要
- #Loadconfigurationfilesforthedefaultserverblock.
- include/etc/Nginx/default.d/*.conf;
- location/{
- }
- error_page404/404.html;
- location=/40x.html{
- }
- error_page500502503504/50x.html;
- }
- [root@shiyan7~]#systemctlstartNginx
- #测试Nginx服务
- [root@yum~]#curlhttp://172.18.17.34
- <h1>RS1:172.18.17.34</h1>
Master上的配置
- #配置Nginx1-SorryServer
- [root@shiyan7~]#mkdir/app/Nginx/html
- [root@shiyan7~]#echo"Sorryserver-1">/app/Nginx/html/index.html
- [root@shiyan7~]#cp/etc/Nginx/Nginx/conf{,.bak}#备份原文件
- [root@shiyan7~]#vim/etc/Nginx/Nginx/conf
- server{
- listen80default_server;
- listen[::]:80default_server;
- server_name_;
- root/app/Nginx/html;#修改root这里的路径,其他不需要
- #Loadconfigurationfilesforthedefaultserverblock.
- include/etc/Nginx/default.d/*.conf;
- location/{
- }
- error_page404/404.html;
- location=/40x.html{
- }
- error_page500502503504/50x.html;
- }
- [root@shiyan7~]#systemctlstartNginx
- #测试Nginx1-SorryServer
- [root@yum~]#curlhttp://172.18.17.31
- Sorryserver-1
- #配置Keepalived服务
- [root@shiyan7~]#cp/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf{,.bak}
- [root@shiyan7~]#vim/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
- vrrp_instanceHa_1{
- stateMASTER
- interfaceens33
- virtual_router_id51
- priority100
- advert_int1
- authentication{
- auth_typePASS
- auth_pass1111
- }
- virtual_ipaddress{
- 172.18.17.30/16devens33
- }
- }
- virtual_server172.18.17.3080{
- delay_loop6
- lb_algolc
- lb_kindDR
- persistence_timeout50
- protocolTCP
- sorry_server172.18.17.3180
- real_server172.18.17.3280{
- weight1
- HTTP_GET{
- url{
- path/
- status_code200
- }
- connect_timeout3
- nb_get_retry3
- delay_before_retry3
- }
- }
- real_server172.18.17.3380{
- weight1
- HTTP_GET{
- url{
- path/
- status_code200
- }
- connect_timeout3
- nb_get_retry3
- delay_before_retry3
- }
- }
- }
- [root@shiyan7~]#systemctlstartkeepalived
- #查看配置是否成功
- [root@shiyan7~]#ipal
- 2:ens33:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPqlen1000
- link/ether00:0c:29:1b:f5:aebrdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- inet172.18.17.31/16brd172.18.255.255scopeglobalens33
- valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever
- inet172.18.17.30/16scopeglobalsecondaryens33
- valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever
- [root@shiyan7~]#ipvsadm-ln
- IPVirtualServerversion1.2.1(size=4096)
- ProtLocalAddress:PortSchedulerFlags
- ->RemoteAddress:PortForwardWeightActiveConnInActConn
- TCP172.18.17.30:80lcpersistent50
- ->172.18.17.32:80Route100
- ->172.18.17.33:80Route100
Backup上的配置
- #配置Nginx1-SorryServer
- [root@shiyan7~]#mkdir/app/Nginx/html
- [root@shiyan7~]#echo"Sorryserver-2">/app/Nginx/html/index.html
- [root@shiyan7~]#cp/etc/Nginx/Nginx/conf{,.bak}#备份原文件
- [root@shiyan7~]#vim/etc/Nginx/Nginx/conf
- server{
- listen80default_server;
- listen[::]:80default_server;
- server_name_;
- root/app/Nginx/html;#修改root这里的路径,其他不需要
- #Loadconfigurationfilesforthedefaultserverblock.
- include/etc/Nginx/default.d/*.conf;
- location/{
- }
- error_page404/404.html;
- location=/40x.html{
- }
- error_page500502503504/50x.html;
- }
- [root@shiyan7~]#systemctlstartNginx
- #测试Nginx1-SorryServer
- [root@yum~]#curlhttp://172.18.17.34
- Sorryserver-2
- #配置Keepalived服务
- [root@shiyan7~]#cp/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf{,.bak}
- [root@shiyan7~]#vim/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
- vrrp_instanceHa_1{
- stateMASTER
- interfaceens33
- virtual_router_id51
- priority100
- advert_int1
- authentication{
- auth_typePASS
- auth_pass1111
- }
- virtual_ipaddress{
- 172.18.17.30/16devens33
- }
- }
- virtual_server172.18.17.3080{
- delay_loop6
- lb_algolc
- lb_kindDR
- persistence_timeout50
- protocolTCP
- sorry_server172.18.17.3280
- real_server172.18.17.3280{
- weight1
- HTTP_GET{
- url{
- path/
- status_code200
- }
- connect_timeout3
- nb_get_retry3
- delay_before_retry3
- }
- }
- real_server172.18.17.3380{
- weight1
- HTTP_GET{
- url{
- path/
- status_code200
- }
- connect_timeout3
- nb_get_retry3
- delay_before_retry3
- }
- }
- }
- [root@shiyan7~]#systemctlstartkeepalived
- [root@shiyan7~]#ipal
- 2:ens33:<BROADCAST,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPqlen1000
- link/ether00:0c:29:1b:f5:aebrdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- inet172.18.17.34/16brd172.18.255.255scopeglobalens33
- valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever
- #这里是Baskup服务所以不会有VIP地址
- [root@shiyan7~]#ipvsadm-ln
- IPVirtualServerversion1.2.1(size=4096)
- ProtLocalAddress:PortSchedulerFlags
- ->RemoteAddress:PortForwardWeightActiveConnInActConn
- TCP172.18.17.30:80lcpersistent50
- ->172.18.17.32:80Route100
- ->172.18.17.33:80Route100
测试服务
- #正常测试
- [root@yum~]#curlhttp://172.18.17.30
- <h1>RS1:172.18.17.32</h1>
- [root@yum~]#curlhttp://172.18.17.30
- <h1>RS1:172.18.17.34</h1>
- #关闭Nginx1测试
- [root@yum~]#curlhttp://172.18.17.30
- <h1>RS1:172.18.17.33</h1>
- #关闭所有Nginx服务测试
- [root@yum~]#curlhttp://172.18.17.30
- Sorryserver-1
- #关闭Master测试
- [root@yum~]#curlhttp://172.18.17.30
- Sorryserver-2