一、简介
二、模式
注*建议学之前先看这个文章
http://blog.51cto.com/sf1314/2071298
1、balance-rr
轮转策略：按照顺序轮流使用每个接口来发送和接收数据包，提高了负载均衡的能力，但是需要交换机的支持，因为该模式所有端口的mac地址相同，交换机不能识别多个一个Mac地址对应多个端口，所以需要做链路聚合 ----Ethernet Channel
mode=0
2、active-backup
主备策略：只使用其中一个网卡，当网卡损坏时激活另外的一个网卡
mode=1
3、balance-xor
平衡策略： 基于所选择的传送hash策略
mode=2
4、
广播策略：所有卡上都接收和发送报文，提高了容错性
mode=3
5、802.3ad
链路聚合模式
802.3ad策略： LACP 链路聚合模式，交换机得开启链路聚合，将两张网卡当做一张来使用，提高链路性能，需要交换机支持802.3ad 动态链路聚合和服务器硬件支持ethtool。
mode=4
6、balance-tlb
自适应传输负载均衡
不需要配置交换机。在每个网卡会根据上根据当前的负载情况来分配流量。如果一个网卡出现故障，那么另外一个网卡会接管故障网卡
mode=5
7、balance-alb
自适应负载均衡：包括balance-tlb，不需要另外配置交换机，接受负载均衡通过ARP协商实现
当本机发送ARP请求时，bonding驱动把对端的IP信息从ARP包中复制并保存下来，当ARP应答从对端到达 时，bonding驱动把它的硬件地址提取出来，并发起一个ARP应答给bond中的某个slave。使用ARP协商进行负载均衡的一个问题是：每次广播 ARP请求时都会使用bond的硬件地址，因此对端学习到这个硬件地址后，接收流量将会全部流向当前的slave。这个问题可以通过给所有的对端发送更新 （ARP应答）来解决，应答中包含他们独一无二的硬件地址，从而导致流量重新分布。当新的slave加入到bond中时，或者某个未激活的slave重新 激活时，接收流量也要重新分布。接收的负载被顺序地分布（round robin）在bond中最高速的slave上
当某个链路被重新接上，或者一个新的slave加入到bond中，接收流量在所有当前激活的slave中全部重新分配，通过使用指定的MAC地址给每个 client发起ARP应答。下面介绍的updelay参数必须被设置为某个大于等于switch(交换机)转发延时的值，从而保证发往对端的ARP应答 不会被switch(交换机)阻截。
mode=6
三、安装
准备 多网卡主机一台
网卡桥接
选择局域网内空闲ip地址一枚
[root@localhost~]#ipa 1:lo:<LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu65536qdiscnoqueuestateUNKNOWN link/loopback00:00:00:00:00:00brd00:00:00:00:00:00 inet127.0.0.1/8scopehostlo valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever inet6::1/128scopehost valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever 2:eno16777736:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPqlen1000 link/ether00:0c:29:fd:1d:cfbrdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet192.168.3.151/24brd192.168.3.255scopeglobaldynamiceno16777736 valid_lft258897secpreferred_lft258897sec inet6fe80::20c:29ff:fefd:1dcf/64scopelink valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever 3:eno33554984:<BROADCAST,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPqlen1000 link/ether00:0c:29:fd:1d:d9brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet192.168.3.154/24brd192.168.3.255scopeglobaldynamiceno33554984 valid_lft258897secpreferred_lft258897sec inet6fe80::20c:29ff:fefd:1dd9/64scopelink valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever 4:eno50332208:<BROADCAST,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPqlen1000 link/ether00:0c:29:fd:1d:e3brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet192.168.3.155/24brd192.168.3.255scopeglobaldynamiceno50332208 valid_lft258897secpreferred_lft258897sec inet6fe80::20c:29ff:fefd:1de3/64scopelink valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever
#查看硬件状态
[root@localhost~]#nmclidevicestatus 设备类型状态CONNECTION eno16777736ethernet连接的eno16777736 eno33554984ethernet连接的有线连接1 eno50332208ethernet连接的有线连接2 loloopback未管理--
#查看linux是否支持Bond
[root@localhost~]#modinfobondingfilename: /lib/modules/3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64/kernel/drivers/net/bonding/bonding.ko alias:rtnl-link-bond author:ThomasDavis,tadavis@lbl.govandmanyothers description:EthernetChannelBondingDriver,v3.7.1 version:3.7.1 license:GPL .......... ..........
#以上信息反映机器支持bond
#本人选取其中两种方式来制作bond绑定，
一种是active-backup，
另外一种选择balance-tlb，并且做相应测试
方式1:nmcli方式
使用nmcli命令来创建bond卡
nmcli connection add type bond ifname bond1 mode 1
nmcli connection add type bond-slave ifname eno33554984 master bond1
nmcli connection add type bond-slave ifname eno50332208 master bond1
nmcli connection add type bond-slave ifnameeno16777736master bond1
#connection add 添加新的连接
#con-name 连接名称 暂时没使用
#type 设备类型
#ifname 接口设备名称
#master 指定该硬件的master
[root@localhost~]#cd/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#ll 总用量248 -rw-r--r--.1rootroot3283月2918:08ifcfg-bond-bond1 -rw-r--r--.1rootroot1373月2918:08ifcfg-bond-slave-eno16777736 -rw-r--r--.1rootroot1373月2918:08ifcfg-bond-slave-eno33554984 -rw-r--r--.1rootroot1373月2918:08ifcfg-bond-slave-eno50332208
[root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#vimifcfg-bond-bond1 DEVICE=bond1 BONDING_OPTS=mode=active-backup TYPE=Bond BONDING_MASTER=yes BOOTPROTO=static DEFROUTE=yes PEERDNS=yes PEERROUTES=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_PEERDNS=yes IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no NAME=bond-bond1 UUID=5ed04865-5802-4fd5-9d80-917d1fadae70ON BOOT=yes IPADDR=192.168.3.200 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.3.254 DNS1=192.168.30.202
#重启网卡
[root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#systemctlrestartnetwork
#查看网络和路由状态
[root@localhost~]#ipa 1:lo:<LOOPBACK,SLAVE,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_fastmasterbond1stateUPqlen1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:fd:1d:cf brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3:eno33554984:<BROADCAST,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_fastmasterbond1stateUPqlen1000 link/ether00:0c:29:fd:1d:cfbrdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 4:eno50332208:<BROADCAST,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_fastmasterbond1stateUPqlen1000 link/ether00:0c:29:fd:1d:cfbrdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 6:bond1:<BROADCAST,MASTER,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscnoqueuestateUP link/ether00:0c:29:fd:1d:cfbrdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet192.168.3.200/24brd192.168.3.255scopeglobalbond1 valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever inet6fe80::20c:29ff:fefd:1dcf/64scopelink valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever
[root@localhost~]#iproute defaultvia192.168.3.254devbond1protostaticmetric300 192.168.3.0/24devbond1protokernelscopelinksrc192.168.3.200metric300
[root@localhost~]#cat/proc/net/bonding/bond1 EthernetChannelBondingDriver:v3.7.1(April27,2011) BondingMode:fault-tolerance(active-backup) PrimarySlave:None CurrentlyActiveSlave:eno16777736#这为当前打开的网卡 MIIStatus:up MIIPollingInterval(ms):100 UpDelay(ms):0 DownDelay(ms):0 SlaveInterface:eno16777736 MIIStatus:up Speed:1000Mbps Duplex:full LinkFailureCount:0 PermanentHWaddr:00:0c:29:fd:1d:cf SlavequeueID:0 SlaveInterface:eno33554984 MIIStatus:up Speed:1000Mbps Duplex:full LinkFailureCount:0 PermanentHWaddr:00:0c:29:fd:1d:d9 SlavequeueID:0 SlaveInterface:eno50332208 MIIStatus:up Speed:1000Mbps Duplex:full LinkFailureCount:0 PermanentHWaddr:00:0c:29:fd:1d:e3 SlavequeueID:0
#测试
#三张网卡随意关闭任意两张
ifdown em1
#关闭掉两张网卡后，会有一次断点，切换网卡的过程
#网卡已经切换为eno50332208
[root@localhost~]#cat/proc/net/bonding/bond1 EthernetChannelBondingDriver:v3.7.1(April27,2011) BondingMode:fault-tolerance(active-backup) PrimarySlave:None CurrentlyActiveSlave:eno50332208 MIIStatus:up MIIPollingInterval(ms):100 UpDelay(ms):0 DownDelay(ms):0 SlaveInterface:eno16777736 MIIStatus:down Speed:Unknown Duplex:Unknown LinkFailureCount:1 PermanentHWaddr:00:0c:29:fd:1d:cf SlavequeueID:0 SlaveInterface:eno33554984 MIIStatus:down Speed:Unknown Duplex:Unknown LinkFailureCount:1 PermanentHWaddr:00:0c:29:fd:1d:d9 SlavequeueID:0 SlaveInterface:eno50332208 MIIStatus:up Speed:1000Mbps Duplex:fullLinkFailureCount:0 PermanentHWaddr:00:0c:29:fd:1d:e3 SlavequeueID:0
#实验完成
#删除原有配置
#清除bond网卡配置
[root@localhost~]#cd/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#rm-rfifcfg-bond-*
#显示所有活动的连接
[root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#nmcliconnectionshow 名称UUID类型设备 有线连接24013b28a-31dd-43b0-9b32-6582a20353f9802-3-ethernet-- 有线连接19cca4859-5085-4cb3-a660-4664fac689c5802-3-ethernet-- eno167777365dcd1c25-9d8b-4c0f-967c-cd0b250ff929802-3-ethernet-- bond-slave-eno1677773624c73fe2-9c55-4202-92f3-d4ff259a6d84802-3-etherneteno16777736 bond-slave-eno50332208ea727513-602e-450e-ad36-dd15cc5d2e82802-3-etherneteno50332208 bond-slave-eno33554984ca74b313-4a4e-44e3-bb5b-84d5dfa1d3aa802-3-etherneteno33554984 bond-bond15ed04865-5802-4fd5-9d80-917d1fadae70bondbond1
#删除网卡配置连接
[root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#nmclicondelbond-slave-eno50332208 [root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#nmclicondelbond-slave-eno33554984 [root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#cat/proc/net/bonding/bond1 EthernetChannelBondingDriver:v3.7.1(April27,2011) BondingMode:fault-tolerance(active-backup) PrimarySlave:NoneCurrently ActiveSlave:eno16777736 MIIStatus:up MIIPollingInterval(ms):100Up Delay(ms):0 DownDelay(ms):0 SlaveInterface:eno16777736 MIIStatus:up Speed:1000Mbps Duplex:full LinkFailureCount:1 PermanentHWaddr:00:0c:29:fd:1d:cf SlavequeueID:0 [root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#nmclicondelbond-slave-eno16777736 [root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#nmclicondelbond-bond1
网卡恢复
#方式2:cli方式
以文件方式配置Bond
#备份原有网卡配置文件
[root@localhost~]#mkdir-p/data/backup/network [root@localhost~]#cd/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@localhost~]#cpifcfg-eno*/data/backup/network/
#因为是新加入的卡,所以没有配置文件，但是硬件信息中是可以查到的
[root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#nmclidevicestatus 设备类型状态CONNECTION eno16777736ethernet连接的eno16777736 eno33554984ethernet连接的有线连接1 eno50332208ethernet连接的有线连接2 loloopback未管理--
[root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#ll 总用量236 -rw-r--r--.1rootroot2958月252015ifcfg-eno16777736 -rw-r--r--.1rootroot2953月2919:13ifcfg-eno33554984 [root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#cpifcfg-eno16777736ifcfg-eno33554984
[root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#vimifcfg-bond5 DEVICE=bond5 BONDING_OPTS="mode=balance-tlb" TYPE=BondBONDING_MASTER=yes BOOTPROTO=static DEFROUTE=yes PEERDNS=yes PEERROUTES=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no NAME=bond5 ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=192.168.3.200 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.3.254 DNS1=192.168.30.202 [root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#vimifcfg-eno16777736 TYPE=Ethernet #BOOTPROTO=dhcp DEFROUTE=yes PEERDNS=yes PEERROUTES=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes NAME=eno16777736 DEVICE=eno16777736 ONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond5 SLAVE=yes [root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#vimifcfg-eno33554984 TYPE=Ethernet #BOOTPROTO=dhcp DEFROUTE=yes PEERDNS=yes PEERROUTES=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes NAME=eno33554984 DEVICE=eno33554984 ONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond5 SLAVE=yes [root@localhostnetwork-scripts]#vimifcfg-eno50332208 TYPE=Ethernet #BOOTPROTO=dhcp DEFROUTE=yes PEERDNS=yes PEERROUTES=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes NAME=eno50332208 DEVICE=eno50332208 ONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond5 SLAVE=yes
[root@localhost~]#nmcliconnectionshow 名称UUID类型设备 eno50332208d2665055-8e83-58f1-e9e3-49a5fb133641802-3-etherneteno50332208 eno1677773613756690-ac77-b776-4fc1-f5535cee6f16802-3-etherneteno16777736 有线连接24013b28a-31dd-43b0-9b32-6582a20353f9802-3-ethernet-- 有线连接19cca4859-5085-4cb3-a660-4664fac689c5802-3-ethernet-- eno33554984fb67dbad-ec81-39b4-42b1-ebf975c3ff13802-3-etherneteno33554984 bond5d1a49a62-2f2d-2e41-a63d-be3a81b6a2fbbondbond5
[root@localhost~]#ipa 1:lo:<LOOPBACK,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_fastmasterbond5stateUPqlen1000 link/ether00:0c:29:fd:1d:cfbrdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3:eno33554984:<BROADCAST,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_fastmasterbond5stateUPqlen1000 link/ether00:0c:29:fd:1d:d9brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 4:eno50332208:<BROADCAST,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_fastmasterbond5stateUPqlen1000 link/ether00:0c:29:fd:1d:e3brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 7:bond5:<BROADCAST,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscnoqueuestateUP link/ether00:0c:29:fd:1d:cfbrdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet192.168.3.200/24brd192.168.3.255scopeglobalbond5 valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever inet6fe80::a81d:6bff:feac:5cd6/64scopelink valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever
#个人建议各位跟balance-rr模式做个对比
[root@localhost~]#cat/proc/net/bonding/bond5 EthernetChannelBondingDriver:v3.7.1(April27,2011) BondingMode:transmitloadbalancing PrimarySlave:None CurrentlyActiveSlave:eno16777736 MIIStatus:up MIIPollingInterval(ms):100 UpDelay(ms):0 DownDelay(ms):0 SlaveInterface:eno16777736 MIIStatus:up Speed:1000Mbps Duplex:full LinkFailureCount:0 PermanentHWaddr:00:0c:29:fd:1d:cf SlavequeueID:0 SlaveInterface:eno33554984 MIIStatus:upSpeed:1000Mbps Duplex:full LinkFailureCount:0 PermanentHWaddr:00:0c:29:fd:1d:d9 SlavequeueID:0 SlaveInterface:eno50332208 MIIStatus:up Speed:1000Mbps Duplex:full LinkFailureCount:0 PermanentHWaddr:00:0c:29:fd:1d:e3 SlavequeueID:0
注*模式选择有以下这些
balance-rr(0)
active-backup(1)
balance-xor(2)
broadcast(3)
802.3ad (4)
balance-tlb(5)
balance-alb (6)
