centos – qemu-kvm / virsh：使用桥接网络时没有网络连接

我遇到了通过libvirt / qemu-kvm执行虚拟化的问题,其中我的桥接网络设置似乎没有正常工作.我已经按照我可以找到的每个教程,花了几个小时的时间浏览论坛,但目前无济于事.

主机和客户都使用Centos6.

这是主持人的设置：

[root@node2 ~]# ifconfig -a
bridge0   Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr BC:30:5B:E8:C0:4F  
          inet addr:10.59.190.253  Bcast:10.59.190.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::be30:5bff:fee8:c04f/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:5315 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:3350 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:316961 (309.5 KiB)  TX bytes:3943630 (3.7 MiB)

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr BC:30:5B:E8:C0:4F  
          inet6 addr: fe80::be30:5bff:fee8:c04f/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING PROMISC MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:5286 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:5325 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:409939 (400.3 KiB)  TX bytes:4095006 (3.9 MiB)
          Interrupt:16 Memory:c0000000-c0012800 

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr BC:30:5B:E8:C0:50  
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
          Interrupt:17 Memory:c2000000-c2012800 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:28 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:28 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:2832 (2.7 KiB)  TX bytes:2832 (2.7 KiB)

sit0      Link encap:IPv6-in-IPv4  
          NOARP  MTU:1480  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

vnet0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr FE:54:00:3A:C5:C9  
          inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fe3a:c5c9/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:492 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:29516 (28.8 KiB)

我有两个物理适配器,eth0和eth1. eth1目前已被拔掉,未在此设置中使用. eth0桥接到bridge0. bridge0正在使用DHCP来获取其网络配置.适配器使用以下配置：

[root@node2 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE="eth0"
NM_CONTROLLED="no"
ONBOOT=yes
HWADDR=BC:30:5B:E8:C0:4F
BRIDGE=bridge0
[root@node2 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-bridge0
DEVICE=bridge0
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DELAY=0
NM_CONTROLLED=no

…和iptables设置如下：

[root@node2 network-scripts]# iptables --list-rules
-P INPUT ACCEPT
-P FORWARD ACCEPT
-P OUTPUT ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT 
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT 
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT 
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT 
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 5900 -j ACCEPT 
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited 
-A FORWARD -m physdev --physdev-is-bridged -j ACCEPT 
-A FORWARD -m physdev --physdev-is-bridged -j ACCEPT 
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

那就是设置.然后,我使用以下命令创建并安装Centos6来宾映像：

virt-install --name=centos-bridge-test --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/centos6-minimal,size=5 --vnc --ram=512 --cdrom=/var/lib/libvirt/images/CentOS-6.0-x86_64-minimal.iso --vnclisten=0.0.0.0 -b bridge0

我的理解是,这种设置应该足以使桥接网络“正常工作”,但是,当我使用virsh命令(virsh start centos-bridge-test)启动guest虚拟机时,它没有网络连接.

这是libvirt域的xml转储：

[root@node2 network-scripts]# virsh dumpxml centos-bridge-test
<domain type='kvm' id='7'>
  <name>centos-bridge-test</name>
  <uuid>5d611267-2feb-c6f7-7a48-29f9695a4a75</uuid>
  <memory>524288</memory>
  <currentMemory>524288</currentMemory>
  <vcpu>1</vcpu>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.0.0'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
    <pae/>
  </features>
  <clock offset='utc'/>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>
      <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/centos6-minimal'/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
      <alias name='ide0-0-0'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='block' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <alias name='ide0-1-0'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <alias name='ide0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='bridge'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:3a:c5:c9'/>
      <source bridge='bridge0'/>
      <target dev='vnet0'/>
      <alias name='net0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/1'/>
      <target port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/1'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/1'/>
      <target port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </console>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0' keymap='en-gb'/>
    <video>
      <model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/>
      <alias name='video0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <alias name='balloon0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
  <seclabel type='dynamic' model='selinux'>
    <label>system_u:system_r:svirt_t:s0:c384,c608</label>
    <imagelabel>system_u:object_r:svirt_image_t:s0:c384,c608</imagelabel>
  </seclabel>
</domain>

界面似乎设置正确(从查看libvirt文档).

因此,每当我启动guest虚拟机时,都没有网络连接.

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -a
eth0       Link encap:Ehternet  HWaddr 52:54:00:3A:C5:C9
           BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
           RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
           TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
           RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
           Interrupt:10 Base address:0x6000

lo         Link encap:Local Loopback  
           inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
           inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
           UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
           RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
           TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
           RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

编辑：注意eth0不在这里,所以我一直在运行ifup eth0来使适配器出现,然后给出以下输出：

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -a
eth0       Link encap:Ehternet  HWaddr 52:54:00:3A:C5:C9
           inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe3a:c5c9/64 Scope:Link
           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
           RX packets65 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
           TX packets:5 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
           RX bytes:3896 (3.8 KiB)  TX bytes:398 (398.0 b)

lo         Link encap:Local Loopback  
           inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
           inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
           UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
           RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
           TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
           RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

…当我尝试访问网络以获取内部或外部地址时,我得到了：

[root@localhost ~]# ping 10.59.190.253
connect: Network is unreachable
[root@localhost ~]# ping www.google.com
ping: unknown host www.google.com
[root@localhost ~]# ping 173.194.66.99
connect: Network is unreachable

附加信息：以下是此问题的评论中要求的一些其他信息.这些命令是从当前运行的guest虚拟机的主机运行的：

[root@node2 network-scripts]# brctl show
bridge name         bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces
bridge0             8000.bc305be8c04f       no              eth0
                                                            vnet0
[root@node2 network-scripts]# ps -ef | grep qemu
qemu      1597     1  0 11:28 ?        00:00:25 /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -S -M rhel6.0.0 -enable-kvm -m 512 -smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1 -name centos-bridge-test -uuid 5d611267-2feb-c6f7-7a48-29f9695a4a75 -nodefconfig -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=monitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/centos-bridge-test.monitor,server,nowait -mon chardev=monitor,mode=control -rtc base=utc -boot c -drive file=/var/lib/libvirt/images/centos6-minimal,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0,boot=on,format=raw,cache=none -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 -drive if=none,media=cdrom,id=drive-ide0-1-0,readonly=on,format=raw -device ide-drive,bus=ide.1,drive=drive-ide0-1-0,id=ide0-1-0 -netdev tap,fd=20,id=hostnet0 -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:3a:c5:c9,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 -chardev pty,id=serial0 -device isa-serial,chardev=serial0 -usb -vnc 0.0.0.0:0 -k en-gb -vga cirrus -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,addr=0x4
root      2815 32057  0 14:31 pts/0    00:00:00 grep qemu

我非常感谢目前提供的任何帮助！如果您需要我提供任何进一步的配置等,请告诉我.

编辑：我使用Centos6的最小安装,所以我没有安装任何窗口管理器,所以我试图通过virsh和virsh-install做所有事情,并且想尽量避免使用virsh-manager.谢谢.

这个问题的答案是,因为我在guest虚拟机上完成了Centos 6 minimal的非图形安装,所以网络接口还没有自动设置工作.我缺乏虚拟化和Centos的知识意味着我认为这将为我照顾,但我在这个假设中是不正确的.

修复：我需要在guest虚拟机上进入ifcfg-eth0并打开ONBOOT = yes和BOOTPROTO = dhcp,然后通过ifdown eth0然后ifup eth0重新启动网络适配器.在这之后,客人收到了IP地址,一切都按预期工作.

centos – qemu-kvm / virsh：使用桥接网络时没有网络连接

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