我已经阅读了C 14标准的第9.5章(关于工会的第9.5章),但我还没有找到一个明确的答案,说明工会成员的活动是什么.
有一个说明:
In general,one must use explicit destructor calls and placement new
@H_502_10@
operators to change the active member of a union.例如,
union U { int i; short s; } u; new(&u.i) int(42);好的,放置新的更改活动成员,很明显.但是在使用具有普通构造函数的类型时,我们通常不使用placement new.
operator =是否在没有UB的情况下更改活动成员?
u.i = 42;这里,operator =调用未构造的对象.它定义明确吗?
那这个呢?
struct A { int i0; int i1; }; union U { A a; short s; } u;是什么让你成为你的活跃成员?设置i0和&我足够吗?
u.a.i0 = 42; u.a.i1 = 99;如果我写的怎么办:
u.a.i0 = 42; // supposedly this doesn't change the active member to a,as i1 isn't set int x = u.a.i0; // is it fine to read from a.i0? a is not an active member supposedly在u.a.i0 = 42;之后,活动成员不会改为a(我认为),所以UB要做int x = u.a.i0 ;?
C 17是否改进了活跃成员的描述?
解决方法
[class.union]/5 When the left operand of an assignment operator involves a member access expression (8.2.5) that nominates a union member,it may begin the lifetime of that union member,as described below. For an expression
E
,
define the setS(E)
of subexpressions ofE
as follows:(5.1) — If
E
is of the formA.B
,S(E)
contains the elements ofS(A)
,and also containsA.B
ifB
names a union member of a non-class,non-array type,or of a class type with a trivial default constructor that is not deleted,or an array of such types.(5.2) — If
E
is of the formA[B]
and is interpreted as a built-in array subscripting operator,S(E)
isS(A)
ifA
is of array type,S(B)
ifB
is of array type,and empty otherwise.(5.3) — Otherwise,
S(E)
is empty.In an assignment expression of the form
@H_502_10@E1 = E2
that uses either the built-in assignment operator (8.18) or a trivial assignment operator (15.8),for each elementX
ofS(E1)
,if modification ofX
would have undefined behavior under 6.8,an object of the type ofX
is implicitly created in the nominated storage; no initialization is performed and the beginning of its lifetime is sequenced after the value computation of the left and right operands and before the assignment. [ Note: This ends the lifetime of the prevIoUsly-active member of the union,if any (6.8). —end note ](接着是一个很长的例子,我懒得格式化,但你可以看到here.)