#include <iostream>

class kitten
{
private:
    int mood = 0;

public:
    void pet() &
    {
        mood += 1;
    }
};

int main()
{
    kitten cat{};
    cat.pet(); // ok

    kitten{}.pet(); // not ok: cannot pet a temporary kitten
}

结合cv-qualifier const,这意味着你只能在lvalue上调用这个成员函数,那些可以是const.