The standard library sets badbit in the following situations:

• Insertion into the output stream by put()@H_502_23@ or write()@H_502_23@ fails for any
reason.

• Insertion into the output stream by operator<<@H_502_23@,std::put_money@H_502_23@ or
std::put_time@H_502_23@,could not complete because the end of the output
stream was reached (The facet’s formatting output function such as
num_put::put()@H_502_23@ or money_put::put()@H_502_23@,returns an iterator iter@H_502_23@ such
that iter.Failed()==true@H_502_23@)

• Stream is constructed with a null pointer for rdbuf()@H_502_23@,or
putback()@H_502_23@/unget()@H_502_23@ is called on a stream with a null rdbuf()@H_502_23@,or a
null pointer passed to operator<<(basic_streambuf*)@H_502_23@

• rdbuf()->sputbackc()@H_502_23@ or rdbuf()->sungetc()@H_502_23@ return traits::eof()@H_502_23@ to
putback() or@H_502_23@unget()`

• rdbuf()->pubsync()@H_502_23@ returns -1 to sync()@H_502_23@,to flush()@H_502_23@,or to the
destructor of ostream::sentry@H_502_23@ on a unitbuf@H_502_23@ stream

• Exception is thrown during an I/O operation by any member function of
  the associated stream buffer (e.g. sbumpc()@H_502_23@,xsputn()@H_502_23@,sgetc()@H_502_23@,
overflow()@H_502_23@,etc)

• Exception is thrown in iword()@H_502_23@ or pword()@H_502_23@ (e.g. std::bad_alloc@H_502_23@)