shell脚本for循环

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Shell循环:for

循环次数是固定的

=====================

Shell:

for 变量名 [in 取值列表]

do

循环体

done


C语言:

for((初值;条件;步长))

do

循环体

done

=====================

Shell循环:while until


循环次数不一定是固定的

可以固定

可以不固定


while语句:

while 条件测试

do

循环体

done

功能:当条件测试成立(条件测试为真),执行循环体。

=====================

until语句:

until 条件测试

do

循环体

done

功能:当条件测试成立(条件测试为假),执行循环体。


=====================

案例1:循环输出变量i的值。下例可直接在命令行测试。

for i in a b c d

do

echo $i

done

=====================

案例2:批量ping测试主机,并发方式。

vi pi.sh 脚本代码如下

#!/usr/bin/env bash

trap "echo ok;exit 3" INT

for i in {1..254}

do

(

ip=192.168.100.$i

ping -w.2 -i.1 -c1 $ip | grep -q 'ttl'

[ $? -eq 0 ] && echo "$ip is up" || echo "$ip is down"

) &

done

wait

echo "finish...."


测试效率:time sh pi.sh

=====================


案例1:写脚本s1.sh。提示用户输入功能选项,回车后执行相关的命令。

vi s1.sh 脚本代码如下

#!/bin/bash

#trap "echo ok;exit;" HUP INT QUIT TSTP

while :

do

cat <<-EOF

1.web1

2.web2

3.MysqL1

EOF

read -p "input number[1-3]:" num

case $num in

1)

#ssh root@192.168.10.25

ping -c 4 127.0.0.1

;;

2)

#ssh root@192.168.10.26

ping -c 4 127.0.0.2

;;

3)

#ssh root@192.168.10.27

ping -c 4 127.0.0.3

;;

'')

true

;;

*)

echo "error"

break

;;

esac

done


----------------------------------------

案例3:多主机推送公钥。

vi skey.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

#get ip

>/tmp/ip_yes.txt

>/tmp/ip_no.txt


if [ ! -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ];then

ssh-keygen -t rsa -P "" -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa

fi


rpm -q expect &> /dev/null

if [ $? -ne 0 ];then

yum install -y expect

fi


for i in {1..254}

do

{

ip=192.168.100.$i

ping -W.2 -i.1 -c1 $ip &> /dev/null

if [ $? -eq 0 ];then

echo "$ip is up" | tee -a /tmp/ip_yes.txt

/usr/bin/expect <<-EOF

set timeout 10

spawn ssh-copy-id $ip

expect {

"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue }

"password:" { send "012\r" }

}

expect eof

EOF

else

echo "$ip is down" | tee -a /tmp/ip_no.txt

fi

}&

done

wait

echo "finish...."


=====================

案例4:{}&并发的批量修改ssh服务器上的sshd_config配置文件、selinux配置文件关闭防火墙。

第1步:准备/opt/ip.txt文件

cat > /opt/ip.txt <<EOF

192.168.10.2

192.168.10.25

192.168.10.26

EOF


第2步:创建脚本。

vi ssh.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

for ip in $(cat /opt/ip.txt)

do

{

ssh $ip "sed -ri '/^#UseDNS/c\UseDNS no' /etc/ssh/sshd_config"

ssh $ip "sed -ri '/^GSSAPIAuthentication yes/c\GSSAPIAuthentication no' /etc/ssh/sshd_config"

ssh $ip "service iptables stop;chkconfig iptables off"

ssh $ip "sed -ri '/^SELINUX/c\SELINUX=permissive' /etc/selinux/config"

ssh $ip "setenforce 0"

}&

done

wait

echo "finish..."


=====================

案例4:多主机修改密码

vi modify_passwd.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

#change password

#v1.0 by flyer 08/10/2017


read -p "Please input a New Password:" pass


for i in {1..100}

do

{

ip=192.168.100.$i

ping -c1 -W1 $ip &>/dev/null

if [ $? -eq 0 ];then

ssh $ip "echo $pass | passwd --stdin root" &> /dev/null

if [ $? -eq 0 ];then

echo "$(date +%F) $ip up" >> /tmp/ok.txt

else

echo "$(date +%F) $ip down" >> /tmp/fail.txt

fi

else

echo "$(date +%F) $ip down" >> /tmp/fail.txt

fi

}&

done

wait

echo "all ok...."

=====================

案例:for批量创建用户

第1步:准备用户名文件

cat > /tmp/user.txt <<EOF

tom

jack

lucy

EOF


第2步:创建脚本文件

vi useradd.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

#useradd2

pass=111

red_col="\e[1;31m"

reset_col="\e[0m"


if [ $# -eq 0 ];then

echo "Usage: $(basename $0) file"

exit 1

fi


if [ ! -f $1 ];then

echo "Error File!"

exit 2

fi


for user in $(cat $1)

do

id $user &> /dev/null

if [ $? -eq 0 ];then

echo "$user already exites"

else

useradd $user

echo "$pass" | passwd --stdin $user &>/dev/null

if [ $? -eq 0 ];then

echo -e "${red_col}${user}${reset_col} create"

fi

fi

done


第3步:测试语法,并测试脚本的运行。

sh -n useradd.sh

chmod +x useradd.sh

./useradd.sh /tmp/user.txt


===============================================

案例:批量创建用户

vi useradd3.sh

#!/bin/bash

while :

do

read -p "Please enter name & password & num & mode[add/del]:" name pass num mode

printf "user information:

-----------------------------

user name: $name

user passwd: $pass

user number: $num

user mode: $mode

-----------------------------

"


read -p "Are you sure?[y/n]:" action

if [ "$action" = "y" ];then

break

fi


done


case $mode in

add)

for i in $(seq -w $num)

do

user=${name}${i}

useradd $user

echo "$pass" | passwd --stdin $user &>/dev/null

if [ $? -eq 0 ];then

echo "$user is created"

fi

done

;;

del)

for i in $(seq -w $num)

do

user=${name}${i}

userdel -r $user &>/dev/null

if [ $? -eq 0 ];then

echo "$user is deleted"

fi

done

;;

*)

echo "Program exit"

exit 0

;;

esac


-----------------------------

案例:用for的c风格写批量ping的基本脚本.

vi pi2.sh

#!/bin/bash

for ((i=1;i<=10;i++))

do

{

ip=192.168.100.$i

ping -c 1 -W1 $ip |grep ttl

}&

done

wait

echo "finish..."


=============================

案例:while自动切换网关。

vi gw.sh

#!/bin/bash

gw1=192.168.100.3

gw2=192.168.100.2

while :

do

ip r del default

ip r add via $gw1

while ping -c1 $gw1 &>/dev/null

do

sleep 1

done

ip r del default

ip r add default via $gw2

until ping -c1 $gw1 &>/dev/null

do

sleep 1

done

done &

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