你会注意到，-x FILE表示FILE存在并且执行(或搜索)权限被授予。

BASH，Bourne，Ksh，Zsh Script

if [[ -x "$file" ]]
then
    echo "File '$file' is executable"
else
    echo "File '$file' is not executable or found"
fi

TCSH或CSH脚本：

if ( -x "$file" ) then
    echo "File '$file' is executable"
else
    echo "File '$file' is not executable or found"
endif

要确定文件的类型，请尝试使用file命令。您可以解析输出以查看它是什么类型的文件。 Word’o警告：有时文件将返回多行。这里是我的Mac上发生了什么：

$ file /bin/ls    
/bin/ls: Mach-O universal binary with 2 architectures
/bin/ls (for architecture x86_64):  Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64
/bin/ls (for architecture i386):    Mach-O executable i386

file命令根据操作系统返回不同的输出。但是，可执行文件将在可执行程序中，通常架构也会出现。

比较上面的我在我的Linux盒子：

$ file /bin/ls
/bin/ls: ELF 64-bit LSB executable,AMD x86-64,version 1 (SYSV),for GNU/Linux 2.6.9,dynamically linked (uses shared libs),stripped

和一个Solaris盒子：

$ file /bin/ls
/bin/ls:        ELF 32-bit MSB executable SPARC Version 1,dynamically linked,stripped

在所有三个中，您将看到可执行文件和体系结构(x86-64，i386或32位的SPARC)。

附录

Thank you very much,that seems the way to go. Before I mark this as my answer,can you please guide me as to what kind of script shell check I would have to perform (ie,what kind of parsing) on ‘file’ in order to check whether I can execute a program ? If such a test is too difficult to make on a general basis,I would at least like to check whether it’s a linux executable or osX (Mach-O)

在我的头顶，你可以做这样的东西在BASH：

if [ -x "$file" ] && file "$file" | grep -q "Mach-O"
then
    echo "This is an executable Mac file"
elif [ -x "$file" ] && file "$file" | grep -q "GNU/Linux"
then
    echo "This is an executable Linux File"
elif [ -x "$file" ] && file "$file" | grep q "shell script"
then
    echo "This is an executable Shell Script"
elif [ -x "$file" ]
then
    echo "This file is merely marked executable,but what type is a mystery"
else
    echo "This file isn't even marked as being executable"
fi

基本上，我运行测试，那么如果这是成功的，我对文件命令的输出执行grep。 grep -q意味着不打印任何输出，但使用grep的退出代码看看是否找到了字符串。如果你的系统不使用grep -q，你可以尝试grep“regex”> / dev / null 2>& 1。

同样，文件命令的输出可能因系统而异，因此您必须验证这些输出将在您的系统上工作。此外，我检查可执行位。如果一个文件是一个二进制可执行文件，但可执行位未打开，我会说它不可执行。这可能不是你想要的。