对于Web应用程序,我使用ASP.NET成员资格切换到使用我自己的登录系统,只需执行类似这样的操作即可将用户标记为已登录：
Session["UserId"] = User.Id
是否可以将用户ID存储在ASPXAUTH cookie中,捎带其加密,而不是使用标准会话？
目标是登录状态比会话持续的时间更长,并且在浏览器和服务器重新启动后都能继续存在.
解决方法
更新：提供的原始答案是使用MembershipProvider的项目,它在答案本身中进行了解释.我,提问者,我没有使用它,所以我的问题的答案略有不同,但从这个答案中提取.对于任何关心并留下原文的人来说,我的答案都在最底层,因为它包含很多价值.
是的,您可以将FormsAuthentication用于您自己的策略.虽然asp.net数据库结构不适合您,但您可以提供MembershipProvider的简单实现,以允许使用Membership基础结构.这两个功能没有结婚,所以你可以决定什么适合你.
记住你的问题和一些评论,这是一个可运行的例子,说明如何在不与默认实现和db模式结合的情况下利用提供者模型是多么简单.
为您自己的目的使用表单auth很简单.您只需提供身份验证并设置自己的票证(cookie).
使用自定义成员资格几乎一样简单.您可以根据需要实现少量或多少提供程序,以支持您希望使用的asp.net基础结构功能.
例如在下面的示例中,我展示了在登录过程中,您可以简单地处理登录控件上的事件以验证凭据并设置票证.完成.
但我还将展示如何利用提供者模型和实现自定义成员资格提供程序可以产生更强大,更清晰的代码.当我们进入自定义成员资格提供程序时,我实现了支持使用成员身份子系统所需的最低限度,以便轻松访问用户的元数据,而无需编写自己的基础结构.
只需将这些文件放入空项目即可.
web.config中
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
<system.web>
<compilation debug="true"/>
<authorization>
<deny users="?"/>
</authorization>
<authentication mode="Forms"/>
<!--
optional but recommended. reusing the membership infrastructure via custom provider divorces
you from the aspnetdb but retains all of the baked in infrastructure which you do not have to
develop or maintain
-->
<membership defaultProvider="mine">
<providers>
<add name="mine" type="CustomAuthRepurposingFormsAuth.MyMembershipProvider"/>
</providers>
</membership>
</system.web>
</configuration>
Site1.Master
<%@ Master Language="C#" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
<title></title>
<asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="head" runat="server">
</asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div>
<asp:LoginName ID="LoginName1" runat="server" />
<asp:LoginStatus ID="LoginStatus1" runat="server" />
<asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="server">
</asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
为Login.aspx
<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="Site1.Master" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="CustomAuthRepurposingFormsAuth" %>
<script runat="server">
/*
* If you don't want to use a custom membership provider to authenticate
* simply place your logic in the login control's handler and remove the
* membership element from config. It would have to take a very very
* compelling edge case to motivate me to not use a custom membership provider.
*
*/
//protected void Login1_Authenticate(object sender,AuthenticateEventArgs e)
//{
// // perform mindbendingly complex authentication logic
// e.Authenticated = Login1.UserName == Login1.Password;
//}
/*
* set your cookie and you are golden
*/
void Authenticated(object sender,EventArgs e)
{
// this is an arbitrary data slot you can use for ???
// keep cookie size in mind when using it.
string userData = "arbitraryData";
Response.Cookies.Add(TicketHelper.CreateAuthCookie(Login1.UserName,userData,Login1.RememberMeSet /*persistent cookie*/));
}
</script>
<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="head" runat="server">
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="server">
<asp:Login ID="Login1" runat="server" OnLoggedIn="Authenticated" >
</asp:Login>
username==password==authenticated. <br />e.g.: uid: me,pwd:me
</asp:Content>
Default.aspx的
<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="Site1.Master" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="System.Security.Principal" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="CustomAuthRepurposingFormsAuth" %>
<script runat="server">
protected void Page_Load(object sender,EventArgs e)
{
/*
* you get this for free from asp.net
*/
HttpContext page = HttpContext.Current;
IIdentity identity = page.User.Identity;
string username = identity.Name;
bool authenticate = identity.IsAuthenticated;
// or use the Request.IsAuthenticated convenience accessor
/*
* you get this really cheap from forms auth
*
* cost: validating credentials and setting your own ticket
*/
// this page is protected by formsauth so the identity will actually
// be a FormsIdentity and you can get at the user data.
// UserData is an appropriate place to store _small_ amounts of data
var fIdent = (FormsIdentity)identity;
string userData = fIdent.Ticket.UserData;
// so,using only forms auth this is what you have to work with
LblAuthenticated.Text = page.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated.ToString();
LblUserId.Text = page.User.Identity.Name;
LblUserData.Text = userData;
/*
* this is an example of using a custom membership provider and subclassing the
* MembershipUser class to take advantage of the established mature infrastructure
*
* this is entirely optional,you can delete the Membership section in web.config
* and delete MyMembershipProvider and MyMembershipUser and just use the authentication.
*
*/
// get the custom field
string myCustomField = ((MyMembershipUser)Membership.GetUser()).MyCustomField;
LblMembership.Text = myCustomField;
}
</script>
<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="head" runat="server">
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="server">
<br />
Authenticated:<asp:Label ID="LblAuthenticated" runat="server" Text=""></asp:Label><br />
UserId:<asp:Label ID="LblUserId" runat="server" Text=""></asp:Label><br />
UserData:<asp:Label ID="LblUserData" runat="server" Text=""></asp:Label><br />
<br />
Membership User Custom Field:<asp:Label ID="LblMembership" runat="server" Text=""></asp:Label><br />
</asp:Content>
CustomAuthClasses.cs
using System;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
namespace CustomAuthRepurposingFormsAuth
{
public static class TicketHelper
{
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="userName"></param>
/// <param name="userData">be mindful of the cookie size or you will be chasing ghosts</param>
/// <param name="persistent"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static HttpCookie CreateAuthCookie(string userName,string userData,bool persistent)
{
DateTime issued = DateTime.Now;
// formsAuth does not expose timeout!? have to hack around the
// spoiled parts and keep moving..
HttpCookie fooCookie = FormsAuthentication.GetAuthCookie("foo",true);
int formsTimeout = Convert.ToInt32((fooCookie.Expires - DateTime.Now).TotalMinutes);
DateTime expiration = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(formsTimeout);
string cookiePath = FormsAuthentication.FormsCookiePath;
var ticket = new FormsAuthenticationTicket(0,userName,issued,expiration,true,cookiePath);
return CreateAuthCookie(ticket,persistent);
}
public static HttpCookie CreateAuthCookie(FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket,DateTime expiration,bool persistent)
{
string creamyFilling = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(ticket);
var cookie = new HttpCookie(FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName,creamyFilling)
{
Domain = FormsAuthentication.CookieDomain,Path = FormsAuthentication.FormsCookiePath
};
if (persistent)
{
cookie.Expires = expiration;
}
return cookie;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// This is an example of inheriting MembershipUser to
/// expose arbitrary data that may be associated with your
/// user implementation.
///
/// You may repurpose existing fields on the base and add your own.
/// Just perform a cast on the MembershipUser returned from your
/// MembershipProvider implementation
/// </summary>
public class MyMembershipUser : MembershipUser
{
public MyMembershipUser(string providerName,string name,object providerUserKey,string email,string passwordQuestion,string comment,bool isApproved,bool isLockedOut,DateTime creationDate,DateTime lastLoginDate,DateTime lastActivityDate,DateTime lastPasswordChangedDate,DateTime lastLockoutDate)
: base(
providerName,name,providerUserKey,email,passwordQuestion,comment,isApproved,isLockedOut,creationDate,lastLoginDate,lastActivityDate,lastPasswordChangedDate,lastLockoutDate)
{
}
protected MyMembershipUser()
{
}
// e.g. no desire to use Profile,can just add data
// say,from a flat record containing all user data
public string MyCustomField { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// At the most basic level,implementing a MembershipProvider allows you to
/// reuse established framework code. In this case,we just provide services
/// for the Login control and user identification via Membership subsystem.
/// </summary>
public class MyMembershipProvider : MembershipProvider
{
#region Minimum implementation in order to use established authentication and identification infrastructure
/// <summary>
/// You can just do this in the login logic if you do not want
/// leverage framework for membership user access
/// </summary>
public override bool ValidateUser(string username,string password)
{
return username == password;
}
public override MembershipUser GetUser(string username,bool userIsOnline)
{
/*
* Simulate going to the DB to get the data
*/
// membership user non nullable fields,repurpose or use
// implied null value e.g DateTime.MinValue;
var createdDate = new DateTime(2009,10,25);
var lastLogin = new DateTime(2009,25);
var lastActivity = new DateTime(2009,25);
var lastPasswordChange = new DateTime(2009,25);
var lastLockoutDate = new DateTime(2009,25);
object providerUserKey = 3948; // e.g. user primary key.
/*
* build your custom user and send it back to asp.net
*/
// need to use the full constructor to set the username and key
var user = new MyMembershipUser(Name,username,null,false,createdDate,lastLogin,lastActivity,lastPasswordChange,lastLockoutDate)
{
MyCustomField = "Hey"
};
return user;
}
#endregion
#region Optional implementations depending on the framework features you would like to leverage.
public override bool EnablePasswordRetrieval
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public override bool EnablePasswordReset
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public override bool RequiresQuestionAndAnswer
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public override string ApplicationName
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
set { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public override int MaxInvalidPasswordAttempts
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public override int PasswordAttemptWindow
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public override bool RequiresUniqueEmail
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public override MembershipPasswordFormat PasswordFormat
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public override int MinrequiredPasswordLength
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public override int MinrequiredNonAlphanumericCharacters
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public override string PasswordStrengthRegularExpression
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public override MembershipUser GetUser(object providerUserKey,bool userIsOnline)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override MembershipUser CreateUser(string username,string password,string passwordAnswer,out MembershipCreateStatus status)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override bool ChangePasswordQuestionAndAnswer(string username,string newPasswordQuestion,string newPasswordAnswer)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override string GetPassword(string username,string answer)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override bool ChangePassword(string username,string oldPassword,string newPassword)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override string ResetPassword(string username,string answer)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override void UpdateUser(MembershipUser user)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override bool UnlockUser(string userName)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override string GetUserNameByEmail(string email)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override bool DeleteUser(string username,bool deleteAllRelatedData)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override MembershipUserCollection GetAllUsers(int pageIndex,int pageSize,out int totalRecords)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override int GetNumberOfUsersOnline()
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override MembershipUserCollection FindUsersByName(string usernameToMatch,int pageIndex,out int totalRecords)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override MembershipUserCollection FindUsersByEmail(string emailToMatch,out int totalRecords)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
#endregion
}
}
实际使用的解决方案(在使用OpenID的ASP.NET MVC项目中)：
我有一个AccountController,用于登录和退出用户,这些方法都在那里.
#region Methods to log in a user.
/// <summary>
/// Create the auth cookie in the same way it is created my ASP.NET Membership system,hopefully lasting for more than 20 minutes.
///
/// For more information check out http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2122831/is-it-possible-to-use-aspxauth-for-my-own-logging-system
/// </summary>
/// <param name="userId">Id of the user that is logged in</param>
/// <returns>Cookie created to mark the user as authenticated.</returns>
private static HttpCookie CreateAuthCookie(int userId) {
DateTime issued = DateTime.Now;
// formsAuth does not expose timeout!? have to hack around the spoiled parts and keep moving..
HttpCookie fooCookie = FormsAuthentication.GetAuthCookie("foo",true);
int formsTimeout = Convert.ToInt32((fooCookie.Expires - DateTime.Now).TotalMinutes);
DateTime expiration = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(formsTimeout);
var ticket = new FormsAuthenticationTicket(0,userId.ToString(),"",FormsAuthentication.FormsCookiePath);
return CreateAuthCookie(ticket,true);
}
/// <summary>
/// Create an auth cookie with the ticket data.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ticket">Ticket containing the data to mark a user as authenticated.</param>
/// <param name="expiration">Expriation date for the cookie.</param>
/// <param name="persistent">Whether it's persistent or not.</param>
/// <returns>Cookie created to mark the user as authenticated.</returns>
private static HttpCookie CreateAuthCookie(FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket,bool persistent) {
string encryptedAuthData = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(ticket);
var cookie = new HttpCookie(FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName,encryptedAuthData) {
Domain = FormsAuthentication.CookieDomain,Path = FormsAuthentication.FormsCookiePath
};
if (persistent) {
cookie.Expires = expiration;
}
return cookie;
}
/// <summary>
/// Expire the authentication cookie effectively loging out a user.
/// </summary>
private void ExpireAuthCookie() {
var cookie = new HttpCookie(FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName);
cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1);
Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);
}
#endregion
