angular源码分析:完整加载流程

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一、从源代码的编译顺序开始

下面是我们在目录结构哪一期理出的angular的编辑顺序图的缩略版:

├─── angular.prefix   //util.wrap函数加入的前缀代码  
│  
├─── minErr.js       //错误处理  
├─── Angular.js      //主要定义angular的工具函数 
├─── loader.js       //定义了setupModuleLoader函数  
├─── stringify.js    //定义了对象序列化serializeObject,和对象调试输出字符串serializeObject  
├─── AngularPublic.js //定义了angular导出的函数和变量  
├─── jqLite.js        //定义jqLite,一个mini的jQuery  
├─── apis.js          //定义了关于对象hash值的几个函数  
├─── auto
│     │
│     └─── injector.js //依赖注入和模块加载,主要在这里实现,我在[第二期]讲过部分  
│  
├─── ng                //定义angular的各种服务的目录,该目录下一个文件按名字对应一个服务  
│    │
│    ├─── *.js        //各种服务的定义
│    ├─── filter.js     //定义过滤器,注册具体的过滤器
│    ├─── filter         //过滤器目录, 
│    │     │
│    │     └─── *.js   //过滤器的具体实现
│    └─── directive      //指令目录,该目录下一个文件对应一个angular指令 
│          │ 
│          └─── *.js     //指令的具体实现
├─── angular.bind.js           //简单几行代码,判断是否已经加载了jQuery,如果是,直接使用jQuery,而不使用jqLite  
├─── publishExternalApis.js        // `publishExternalAPI(angular);`导出变量和接口  
│  
└── angular.suffix   //util.wrap函数加入的后缀代码

二、找到代码的入口点

//try to bind to jquery now so that one can write angular.element().read()
  //but we will rebind on bootstrap again.
  bindJQuery();  //绑定jquery:如果系统已经加载了jQuery,绑定使用,如果没有则是用angular自身的jqLite

  publishExternalAPI(angular); //导出angular的对外公开的函数属性

  jqLite(document).ready(function() { //等待dom加载完后启动angular
    angularInit(document,bootstrap);
  });

三、dom加载前的准备工作

1.bindJQuery

这里将bindJQuery的代码贴出来,看看

function bindJQuery() {
  // bind to jQuery if present;
  jQuery = window.jQuery;
  // reset to jQuery or default to us.
  if (jQuery) { //如果使用jQuery,对其做了些扩展处理
    jqLite = jQuery;
    extend(jQuery.fn,{
      scope: JQLitePrototype.scope,isolateScope: JQLitePrototype.isolateScope,controller: JQLitePrototype.controller,injector: JQLitePrototype.injector,inheritedData: JQLitePrototype.inheritedData
    });

     //下面是对jquery改变dom时,增加一些清理工作,包括remove(删除元素),empty(置空),html(重写元素内容时)
    // Method signature:
    //     jqLitePatchJQueryRemove(name,dispatchThis,filterElems,getterIfNoArguments)
    jqLitePatchJQueryRemove('remove',true,false);
    jqLitePatchJQueryRemove('empty',false,false);
    jqLitePatchJQueryRemove('html',true);
  } else {
    jqLite = JQLite;
  }
  angular.element = jqLite;
}

2.publishExternalAPI

下面把publishExternalAPI的代码也贴出来

function publishExternalAPI(angular){
  extend(angular,{  //导出工具函数,就是直接将要导出的函数属性加到angular对象上。细心的同学会发现下面少了angular.module的module。
    'bootstrap': bootstrap,'copy': copy,'extend': extend,'equals': equals,'element': jqLite,'forEach': forEach,'injector': createInjector,'noop':noop,'bind':bind,'toJson': toJson,'fromJson': fromJson,'identity':identity,'isUndefined': isUndefined,'isDefined': isDefined,'isString': isString,'isFunction': isFunction,'isObject': isObject,'isNumber': isNumber,'isElement': isElement,'isArray': isArray,'version': version,'isDate': isDate,'lowercase': lowercase,'uppercase': uppercase,'callbacks': {counter: 0},'$$minErr': minErr,'$$csp': csp
  });

  angularModule = setupModuleLoader(window); //这里需要重点分析
  try {
    angularModule('ngLocale');
  } catch (e) {
    angularModule('ngLocale',[])
    .provider('$locale',$LocaleProvider);
  }

  angularModule('ng',['ngLocale'],['$provide',//定义“ng”模块,$provide作为后面函数的依赖注入对象,可见$provide是在之前的模块中定义的
    function ngModule($provide) {

      // $$sanitizeUriProvider needs to be before $compileProvider as it is used by it.
      $provide.provider({ //注册$$sanitizeUri服务
        $$sanitizeUri: $$SanitizeUriProvider
      });

      $provide
      .provider('$compile',$CompileProvider) //定义$compile服务
      .directive({ //注册各种指令
            a: htmlAnchorDirective,input: inputDirective,textarea: inputDirective,form: formDirective,script: scriptDirective,select: selectDirective,style: styleDirective,option: optionDirective,ngBind: ngBindDirective,ngBindHtml: ngBindHtmlDirective,ngBindTemplate: ngBindTemplateDirective,ngClass: ngClassDirective,ngClassEven: ngClassEvenDirective,ngClassOdd: ngClassOddDirective,ngCloak: ngCloakDirective,ngController: ngControllerDirective,ngForm: ngFormDirective,ngHide: ngHideDirective,ngIf: ngIfDirective,ngInclude: ngIncludeDirective,ngInit: ngInitDirective,ngNonBindable: ngNonBindableDirective,ngPluralize: ngPluralizeDirective,ngRepeat: ngRepeatDirective,ngShow: ngShowDirective,ngStyle: ngStyleDirective,ngSwitch: ngSwitchDirective,ngSwitchWhen: ngSwitchWhenDirective,ngSwitchDefault: ngSwitchDefaultDirective,ngOptions: ngOptionsDirective,ngTransclude: ngTranscludeDirective,ngModel: ngModelDirective,ngList: ngListDirective,ngChange: ngChangeDirective,required: requiredDirective,ngrequired: requiredDirective,ngValue: ngValueDirective
        })
        .directive({ //注册ngInclude 指令
          ngInclude: ngIncludeFillContentDirective
        })
        .directive(ngAttributeAliasDirectives) //?
        .directive(ngEventDirectives);//?

      $provide.provider({ //注册剩余的各种服务
        $anchorScroll: $AnchorScrollProvider,$animate: $AnimateProvider,$browser: $BrowserProvider,$cacheFactory: $CacheFactoryProvider,$controller: $ControllerProvider,$document: $DocumentProvider,$exceptionHandler: $ExceptionHandlerProvider,$filter: $FilterProvider,$interpolate: $InterpolateProvider,$interval: $IntervalProvider,$http: $HttpProvider,$httpBackend: $HttpBackendProvider,$location: $LocationProvider,$log: $LogProvider,$parse: $ParseProvider,$rootScope: $RootScopeProvider,$q: $QProvider,$sce: $SceProvider,$sceDelegate: $SceDelegateProvider,$sniffer: $SnifferProvider,$templateCache: $TemplateCacheProvider,$timeout: $TimeoutProvider,$window: $WindowProvider
      });
    }
  ]);
}

细心的同学会发现:在导出的工具函数数组中少了angular.module的module,先不管,往下看。
我在这里重点分析setupModuleLoader函数以及angularModule对象到底是啥

function setupModuleLoader(window) {

  var $injectorMinErr = minErr('$injector');
  var ngMinErr = minErr('ng');

  function ensure(obj,name,factory) {
    return obj[name] || (obj[name] = factory());
  }

  var angular = ensure(window,'angular',Object);

  angular.$$minErr = angular.$$minErr || minErr;

  return ensure(angular,'module',function() {
    var modules = {};

    return function module(name,requires,configFn) {...};
  });
}

ensure(obj,factory)函数的含义:如果obj对象上存在name属性,直接返回;如果不存在,通过factory进行构造。
那么,angularModule = setupModuleLoader(window)执行后,会在angular上增加一个module属性,并且返回给angularModule。这里就把前面缺少的angular.module给加上了。

下面是module(name,configFn)的具体代码实现(为节约篇幅,省去注释):

function module(name,configFn) {
  var assertNotHasOwnProperty = function(name,context) {
    if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
      throw ngMinErr('badname','hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name',context);
    }
  };

  assertNotHasOwnProperty(name,'module');
  if (requires && modules.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
    modules[name] = null;
  }
  return ensure(modules,function() {
    if (!requires) {
      throw $injectorMinErr('nomod',"Module '{0}' is not available! You either misspelled " +
         "the module name or forgot to load it. If registering a module ensure that you " +
         "specify the dependencies as the second argument.",name);
    }  
    var invokeQueue = [];  
    var runBlocks = [];
    var config = invokeLater('$injector','invoke');  
    var moduleInstance = {
      // Private state
      _invokeQueue: invokeQueue,_runBlocks: runBlocks,requires: requires,//依赖模块
      name: name,provider: invokeLater('$provide','provider'),factory: invokeLater('$provide','factory'),service: invokeLater('$provide','service'),value: invokeLater('$provide','value'),constant: invokeLater('$provide','constant','unshift'),animation: invokeLater('$animateProvider','register'),filter: invokeLater('$filterProvider',controller: invokeLater('$controllerProvider',directive: invokeLater('$compileProvider','directive'),config: config,run: function(block) {
        runBlocks.push(block);
        return this;
      }
    };

    if (configFn) {
      config(configFn);
    }
    return  moduleInstance;  
    function invokeLater(provider,method,insertMethod) {
      return function() {
        invokeQueue[insertMethod || 'push']([provider,arguments]);
        return moduleInstance;
      };
    }
  });
}

分析invokeLater函数:这个函数功能是返回一个函数,这个函数能向invokeQueue数组中插入一个三元组(provider,arguments)
那么,就是说provider、factory等函数功能都是向_invokeQueue压入数据
`module().run(xx_function)将把xx_function压入_runBlocks队列数组中。
问题来了:这些将在哪里得到“执行”呢?

四、dom加载后的工作:angularInit(document,bootstrap)

1.angularInit的源码:

function angularInit(element,bootstrap) {
  var elements = [element],appElement,module,names = ['ng:app','ng-app','x-ng-app','data-ng-app'],NG_APP_CLASS_REGEXP = /\sng[:\-]app(:\s*([\w\d_]+);?)?\s/;

  function append(element) {
    element && elements.push(element);
  }

  forEach(names,function(name) {
    names[name] = true;
    append(document.getElementById(name));
    name = name.replace(':','\\:');
    if (element.querySelectorAll) {
      forEach(element.querySelectorAll('.' + name),append);
      forEach(element.querySelectorAll('.' + name + '\\:'),append);
      forEach(element.querySelectorAll('[' + name + ']'),append);
    }
  });

  forEach(elements,function(element) {
    if (!appElement) {
      var className = ' ' + element.className + ' ';
      var match = NG_APP_CLASS_REGEXP.exec(className);
      if (match) {
        appElement = element;
        module = (match[2] || '').replace(/\s+/g,',');
      } else {
        forEach(element.attributes,function(attr) {
          if (!appElement && names[attr.name]) {
            appElement = element;
            module = attr.value;
          }
        });
      }
    }
  });
  if (appElement) {
    bootstrap(appElement,module ? [module] : []);
  }
}

上面的代码写了很多,但是只干了两件事:1.在dom中寻找启动节点,读出启动节点定义的启动模块的名字;2.如果找到了启动节点,用启动节点和其定义的启动模块的名字为参数调用bootstrap。

2.启动器bootstrap

function bootstrap(element,modules) {
  var doBootstrap = function() {
    element = jqLite(element);

    if (element.injector()) {
      var tag = (element[0] === document) ? 'document' : startingTag(element);
      throw ngMinErr('btstrpd',"App Already Bootstrapped with this Element '{0}'",tag);
    }

    modules = modules || [];
    modules.unshift(['$provide',function($provide) { //将['$provide',function(){...}]压入模块数组
      $provide.value('$rootElement',element);
    }]);
    modules.unshift('ng'); //将ng压入模块数组
    var injector = createInjector(modules); //创建注入器
    injector.invoke(['$rootScope','$rootElement','$compile','$injector','$animate',//注入根作用域、根元素、编译器、注入器、动画
       function(scope,element,compile,injector,animate) { 
        scope.$apply(function() { //在根作用域上启动事件循环
          element.data('$injector',injector); //在根元素上保存注入器
          compile(element)(scope); //编译根元素
        });
      }]
    );
    return injector;
  };

  var NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP = /^NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP!/;

  if (window && !NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP.test(window.name)) {
    return doBootstrap();
  }

  window.name = window.name.replace(NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP,'');
  angular.resumeBootstrap = function(extraModules) {
    forEach(extraModules,function(module) {
      modules.push(module);
    });
    doBootstrap();
  };
}

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