ajax实现省级联动以及网站项目中通过写一个过滤器全局配置解觉整个网站的乱码问题

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在做网站开发项目过程中,我们一定会遇到网站的中文乱码问题,如何解决中文乱码为题成为我们开发网站的一个关键问题,也许解决乱码问题很简单,只要通过response和request中的setCharater()方法就可以解决乱码问题,也许这种方法我们在买的教科书书上会看到特别多,然而我们一旦开发网站项目随着深入开发和业务的深入,如果每次在每个servlet或者jsp这样设置或变得非常冗余,而且也完全没必要这样设置,那么我们就会想用什么样的方法解决这样问题呢,当然java web中有种很好的解决方法,那就是通过实现过滤器Filter接口可以很好的解决我们整个网站的乱码,不管是get请求或者post请求,在这个解决中文乱码的过滤器中都会乖乖现出他的本质。那么接下来,就贴出我在学习java web过程中和做网站项目中经常用到的解决中文乱码过滤器(CharacterEncodingFilter):

过滤器如下:

package com.test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {

	public void doFilter(ServletRequest req,ServletResponse res,FilterChain chain) throws IOException,ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		HttpServletRequest request=(HttpServletRequest) req;
		HttpServletResponse response=(HttpServletResponse) res;
		
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
		chain.doFilter(new FilterRequest(request),response);
	}
    class FilterRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper{

    	private HttpServletRequest request;
		public FilterRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
			super(request);
			// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
			this.request=request;
		}
		public String getParameter(String name) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			String value=this.request.getParameter(name);
			/*如果不是get方式提交,那么是post提交(我们一般都是这两种方式提交,当然还有其他很少用的提交方式)
			由于上面已经对post提交方式进行了编码,所以则直接提交*/
			if(!this.request.getMethod().equalsIgnoreCase("get")){//忽略大小写字母,字符串内容相等
				return value;
			}
			if(value==null){
				return null;
			}
			
			try {
				value=new String(value.getBytes("iso8859-1"),request.getCharacterEncoding());
				return value;
			} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				throw new RuntimeException(e);
			}
		}
    }
	public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {

	}
	public void destroy() {

	}

}

同时我们要在web.xml配置过滤:
 <filter>
	        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
	        <filter-class>com.test.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
	 </filter>
	 <filter-mapping>
	      <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
	      <!-- 拦截所有请求 -->
	      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	  </filter-mapping>

接下来让我们用ajax实现省级联动并且用到上面的过滤器,由于我这个例子没有用到数据库,只是通过在程序固定写死了相关的数据,所以我在下面程序中着重的讲的是如何ajax联动,如果要跟数据库相关联,只需把相关的代码改一下就可以实现了。

第一步:写一个javaBean记录相关省市信息.

ProvinceAndCityBean:

package com.test;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class ProvinceAndCityBean {
	private static  Map<String,String[]> map;
	/**
	 * 静态代码块在类加载的时候初始化一次数据
	 */
	static{
		map=new HashMap<String,String[]>();
		map.put("广东",new String[]{"广州","深圳","东莞","中山","珠海","佛山","汕尾"} );
		
		map.put("福建",new String[]{"厦门","福州","泉州"} );
		
		map.put("广西",new String[]{ "桂林","南宁","柳州","梧州"});
	}
	
	public static Map<String,String[]> getMap(){
		return map;
	}
}

第二步:我们写一个servlet来处理jsp页面的请求,从而获得省份以及根据省份获得市的信息,接下来写一个处理请求的servlet.

AjaxServlet:

package com.test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class AjaxServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException,IOException {
		String action= request.getParameter("action");
		if("getProvince".equals(action)){
			getProvince(request,response);
		}else if("getCity".equals(action)){
			getCity(request,response);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 根据省份获得城市
	 * @param request
	 * @param response
	 */
	private void getCity(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String cityResult="";
		String selectProvince=request.getParameter("selectProvince");
		Map<String,String[]> map=ProvinceAndCityBean.getMap();
		String[] cityArray=map.get(selectProvince);
		for(int i=0;i<cityArray.length;i++){
			cityResult=cityResult+cityArray[i]+",";
		}
		cityResult=cityResult.substring(0,cityResult.length()-1);
		PrintWriter out=null;
		try{
			out=response.getWriter();
			out.write(cityResult);
			out.flush();
			out.close();
		}catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 获得省份数据
	 * @param request
	 * @param response
	 */
	private void getProvince(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Map<String,String[]>  map=ProvinceAndCityBean.getMap();//获得存储省份市的map集合
		Set<String> set= map.keySet();
		String provinceResult="";
		System.out.println(map.size());
		for(String pro:set){
			provinceResult=provinceResult+pro+",";//拼写以,分隔省份字符串广东,福建,广西
		}
		provinceResult=provinceResult.substring(0,provinceResult.length()-1);
		PrintWriter writer;
		try {
			writer = response.getWriter();
			writer.write(provinceResult);
			writer.flush();
			System.out.println(provinceResult);
			writer.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
	}

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,IOException {
		doGet(request,response);
	}

}
最后一步写一个jsp页面,由于页面中用到ajax中,所以学习ajax相关度的知识可以到 w3school学习,我也是在w3school学习的,接下来贴出我的代码
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <title>省市联动查询</title>
    <script type="text/javascript">
       var xmlhttp;
       /*
       *创建一个异步请求对象
       */
    	function createXmlHttp(){
			if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
			  {// code for IE7+,Firefox,Chrome,Opera,Safari
			  	xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
			  }
			else
			  {// code for IE6,IE5
			  	xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
			  }
    	}
    	/*
			初始化省份
        */
        var selPro;
    	function initSelPro(){
    		createXmlHttp();
    		selPro=document.getElementById("selPro");//获得省份select标签节点
    		xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function(){
    			if(xmlhttp.readyState==4&&xmlhttp.status==200){
    				var provinceArray=xmlhttp.responseText.split(",");
    				for(i=0;i<provinceArray.length;i++){
    					selPro.options[i]=new Option(provinceArray[i],provinceArray[i]); 
    				}
    				getCityByPro('广东');
    			}
    		};
    		//以get的方式请求,new Date().getTime()是为防止加载浏览器中的缓存数据
    		xmlhttp.open("GET","${pageContext.request.contextPath}/AjaxServlet?action=getProvince&id="+new Date().getTime(),true);
    		xmlhttp.send();
    	}
    	/*
    		根据省份查询市,下面是通过post方式实现,当然也可以通过get方式实现,跟上面的实现一样
    	*/
    	function getCityByPro(selectProvince){
    		var selCity=document.getElementById("selCity");
    		selCity.options.length=0;//清空下拉列表
    		xmlhttp.open("POST","AjaxServlet",true);
    		xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("content-type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
    		var content="action=getCity&selectProvince="+selectProvince;
    		xmlhttp.send(content);
    		xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function(){
        		if(xmlhttp.readyState==4&&xmlhttp.status==200){
        			var cityArray=xmlhttp.responseText.split(",");
        			for(i=0;i<cityArray.length;i++){
        				selCity.options[i]=new Option(cityArray[i],cityArray[i]);
        			}
        			
        		}
        	};
    	}
    	/*
			页面加载的时候初始化省份
    	*/
    	window.onload=function(){
    		initSelPro();
    	}
    </script>

  </head>
  <body>
    省级联动菜单事例:
     <select name="selPro" id="selPro"  onchange="getCityByPro(this.value)">
     </select>
     <select name="selCity" id="selCity" >
     </select>
  </body>
</html>


接下来看看效果吧:

页面刚加载的时候的效果

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